Rehabilitation Treatment of a Patient With Total Humeral Endoprosthetic Replacement.

Total humeral endoprosthetic replacement (THR) is a rare surgery for malignant humeral bone tumors. Studies focusing on its surgical methods and functional status are limited. Furthermore, rehabilitation treatment after THR has not been reported.

Clinical Utility of Bland Embolization Using Microspheres for Painful Malignant Musculoskeletal Tumors.

Background/aim: To evaluate retrospectively whether bland embolization using microspheres is safe and useful for relieving pain in patients with painful malignant musculoskeletal (MSK) tumors.

Patients And Methods: Bland embolization using microspheres was performed for 20 patients (11 women/9 men) with a median age of 69 years (range=40-89 years) who had 22 painful malignant MSK tumors. The maximum tumor diameters were 2.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin osteomyelitis of the fifth metatarsal bone in a Japanese infant: a case report.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin osteomyelitis is a rare complication following Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination. Here, we describe a rare case of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin osteomyelitis of the fifth metatarsal in a 21-month-old Japanese infant. A 21-month-old Japanese female infant presented with a swollen mass on the dorsolateral aspect of the left foot.

Treatment Strategy of Fractured Osteochondroma in the Young Athlete's Knee.

The main purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of surgery versus observation in young athletes with fractured osteochondromas in the knee. The secondary aim was to evaluate displacement versus non-displacement fractures with regards to functional recovery. A retrospective analysis was performed in young athletes with fractures of osteochondromas in the knee.

Sodium Valproate Enhances Semaphorin 3A-mediated Anti-angiogenesis and Tumor Growth Inhibition in Human Osteosarcoma Cells.

Background/aim: Class 3 semaphorins, including semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), are known endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors associated with endothelial cell migration and proliferation, and have been identified in many cancer cells. SEMA3A suppresses tumor angiogenesis by competing with VEGF, but tumors are known to have active angiogenesis, suggesting that expression of SEMA3A and its receptors is epigenetically restrained. To overcome this condition, we aimed to use histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to enhance the SEMA3A expression in osteosarcoma (OS) cells, thereby suppressing angiogenesis and inhibiting their proliferation and metastasis.

Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma of the Vulva: A Case Report.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) of the vulva is extremely rare. We report our experience with a case of disease control by radiation therapy to a localized lesion of EMC. A 41-year-old woman presented to our clinic with a vulvar mass.

Long-term survival following radiofrequency ablation of lung metastases in an elderly patient with calcaneal osteosarcoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Rationale: Recently, the number of osteosarcomas has been increasing in elderly patients due to human longevity. Lung metastases are the primary cause of death from osteosarcomas. Complete resection of lung metastases can prolong the survival.

Quantitative bone SPECT/CT applications for primary bone neoplasms.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical utility of quantitative values obtained with bone single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for primary bone neoplasms.

Subjects And Methods: Bone SPECT/CT scans of 23 patients with 19 benign bone neoplasms (5 osteoid osteomas, 4 bone giant cell tumor, 4 osteofibrous dysplasia, 3 intraosseous ganglion, 2 aneurysmal bone cyst, 1 intraosseous hemangioma) and 5 malignant bone neoplasms (2 osteosarcoma, 1 periosteal osteosarcoma, 1 malignancy in bone giant cell tumor, 1 Ewing sarcoma) were retrospectively analyzed with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), peak SUV (SUVpeak), mean SUV (SUVmean), metabolic bone volume (MBV), and total bone uptake (TBU) of primary lesions.

Results: Mean SUVmax of 19 benign and 5 malignant primary bone neoplasms were 6.

Programmed cell death 1 positive lymphocytes at palate tonsils in the elder patients with chronic tonsillitis.

Circulating lymphocytes infiltrate into local foci at the inflammatory phase of acute wound healing for activation of the immune system and express an immune checkpoint protein programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) at the resolution phase for inactivation of the immune system. Conversely, the PD-1 expression was still found even on circulating lymphocytes of the elder patients with chronic tonsillitis at the palliative stage. Recently, an adhesion G protein coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) was reported to at least work as a proliferation factor for infiltrated lymphocytes into local foci at the resolution phase of acute wound healing.

Quantitative Bone Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography for Evaluating Response to Bisphosphonate Treatment in Patients with Paget's Disease of Bone.

We here report on 2 cases of monostotic Paget's disease of bone, one in the ilium and the other in the skull, including quantitative values obtained with bone single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), which were useful to evaluate the response to bisphosphonate treatment. The quantitative parameters determined with those findings were decreased, with the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV), peak SUV, mean SUV, metabolic bone volume, and total bone uptake in case 1 and case 2 reduced by 48.8 and 60.

Quantitative bone SPECT/CT applications for cartilaginous bone neoplasms.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of quantitative values obtained with bone single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) to differentiate benign from malignant cartilaginous bone neoplasms.

Subjects And Methods: Bone SPECT/CT scans of 10 patients with 8 benign cartilaginous bone neoplasms (4 enchondromas, 1 periosteal chondroma, 1 osteochondroma, 1 bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation, 1 chondroblastoma) and 2 malignant cartilaginous bone neoplasms (1 periosteal chondrosarcoma, 1 chondrosarcoma) were retrospectively analyzed with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean SUV (SUVmean), metabolic bone volume (MBV), and total bone uptake (TBU) of primary lesions.

Results: Mean SUVmax of 8 benign and 2 malignant cartilaginous bone neoplasms were 1.

What Factors Are Associated with Treatment Outcomes of Japanese Patients with Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma?

Background: Clear cell chondrosarcoma is an extremely rare chondrosarcoma subtype; thus, its treatment outcomes and associated factors have not been widely studied. Knowing more about it is potentially important because clear cell chondrosarcomas are often misdiagnosed as other benign lesions and subsequently treated and followed inappropriately.

Questions/purposes: (1) What are the patient- and tumor-related characteristics of clear cell chondrosarcoma? (2) What proportion of patients with clear cell chondrosarcoma initially had a misdiagnosis or a misleading initial biopsy result? (3) What is the survivorship of patients with clear cell chondrosarcoma free from death, local recurrence, and distant metastasis, and what factors are associated with greater survivorship or a reduced risk of local recurrence?

Methods: Between 1985 and 2018, 12 Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group (JMOG) hospitals treated 42 patients with a diagnosis of clear cell chondrosarcoma.

Expression of p16 in nodular fasciitis: an implication for self-limited and inflammatory nature of the lesion.

Nodular fasciitis (NF) is a self-limited tumorous lesion occurring in the upper as well as lower extremities. NF is composed of a proliferation of "primary culture"-like myofibroblastic cells with nuclear atypia and large nucleoli, thus mimicking sarcoma. NF harbors a promoter-swapping fusion gene containing the entire coding region of gene.

Epigenetic modulators hydralazine and sodium valproate act synergistically in VEGI-mediated anti-angiogenesis and VEGF interference in human osteosarcoma and vascular endothelial cells.

Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI; also referred to as TNFSF15 or TL1A) is involved in the modulation of vascular homeostasis. VEGI is known to operate via two receptors: Death receptor‑3 (DR3) and decoy receptor‑3 (DcR3). DR3, which is thus far the only known functional receptor for VEGI, contains a death domain and induces cell apoptosis.

Laparoscopic resection of a dumbbell-shaped lipoma extending through the obturator foramen: A case report.

Lipomas are often lightweight and small in size with few subjective symptoms. Giant lipomas are uncommon. We herein report a case involving a giant, deep-seated dumbbell-shaped intermuscular lipoma in the right thigh that extended into the pelvic region through the obturator foramen and caused obturator neuropathy.

Usefulness of Quantitative Bone Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography for Evaluating Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in a Patient with Periosteal Osteosarcoma.

We report here a case of periosteal sarcoma in a 10-year-old female, along with quantitative values obtained with bone single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), which were useful to evaluate treatment response to preoperative chemotherapy. Pretreatment radiograph images of the lower leg showed cortical thickening eroded by a broad-based soft-tissue mass without the involvement of the underlying cortex, while computed tomography (CT) revealed a small juxtacortical mass with thick calcification and periosteal reaction. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the mass showed hypointensity in the inner part and isointensity in the outer part in T1-weighted images, while the inner part showed hypointensity and the outer part hyperintensity in T2-weighted images.

An extremely rare case of primary malignancy in giant cell tumor of bone, arising in the right femur and harboring H3F3A mutation.

We experienced a case of primary malignancy in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), arising in the right femur and harboring H3F3A mutation. A 27-year-old Japanese male without any prior disease history complained of pain in his right hip joint and right lower limb. Radiological images revealed an osteolytic and multicystic lesion existing mainly at the proximal epiphysis of the right femur.

Osteoscopic Surgery of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone for Preservation of Proximal Fibula.

Background: Osteoscopy is a minimally-invasive endoscopic technique for inspecting lesions inside bone marrow cavities. We describe the feasibility of osteoscopic surgery of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in order to preserve the proximal fibula, and thereby achieve immediate recovery and avoid complications.

Patients And Methods: Five patients with GCTB in the proximal fibula were treated using osteoscopic curettage with adjuvants (argon plasma coagulation and cementation).

Primary undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma of the deep abdominal wall with a novel variant of t(10;19) CIC-DUX4 gene fusion.

We experienced a 38-year-old Japanese male with t(10;19) CIC-DUX4 -positive undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma in the deep abdominal wall. Three months before his first visit to our hospital, he noticed a mass in his right abdominal wall. Computed tomography on admission revealed a solid abdominal tumor 70×53mm in size and multiple small tumors in both lungs.

The roles of a ribosomal protein S19 polymer in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced acute pleurisy.

C5-deficient mice usually present moderate neutrophil activation during the initiation phase of acute inflammation. Conversely, C5a receptor (C5aR)-deficient mice show unusually excessive activation of neutrophils. We identified the ribosomal protein S19 (RP S19) polymer, which is cross-linked at Lys122 and Gln137 by transglutaminases in apoptotic neutrophils, as a second C5aR ligand during the resolution phase of acute inflammation.

An unexpected skin ulcer and soft tissue necrosis after the nonconcurrent combination of proton beam therapy and pazopanib: A case of myxofibrosarcoma.

We herein report the case of a patient presenting with myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) who underwent treatment with surgery, proton beam therapy (PBT), and pazopanib. A 64-year-old male was diagnosed with MFS, which ranged from the posterior neck to the shoulder. Surgery was performed as an initial treatment; however, the primary tumor recurred 83 months after the initial treatment.

Primary central chondrosarcoma of long bone, limb girdle and trunk: Analysis of 174 cases by numerical scoring on histology.

The aims of this study were: (i) to elucidate clinicopathological characteristics of pcCHS of long bones (L), limb girdles (LG) and trunk (T) in Japan; (ii) to investigate predictive pathological findings for outcome of pcCHS of L, LG and T, objectively; and (iii) to elucidate a discrepancy of grade between biopsy and resected specimens. Clinicopathological profiles of 174 pcCHS (79 male, 95 female), of L, LG, and T were retrieved. For each case, a numerical score was given to 18 pathological findings.

Sodium valproate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, modulates the vascular endothelial growth inhibitor-mediated cell death in human osteosarcoma and vascular endothelial cells.

The level of vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) has been reported to be negatively associated with neovascularization in malignant tumors. The soluble form of VEGI is a potent anti-angiogenic factor due to its effects in inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation. This inhibition is mediated by death receptor 3 (DR3), which contains a death domain in its cytoplasmic tail capable of inducing apoptosis that can be subsequently blocked by decoy receptor 3 (DcR3).

Usefulness of PET/CT for diagnosis of periosteal chondrosarcoma of the femur: A case report.

Periosteal chondrosarcoma is an extremely rare low-grade malignant cartilaginous tumor arising from the external bone surface. Diagnosis of periosteal chondrosarcomas may be challenging, since this condition closely resembles periosteal chondromas. It has been reported that positron emission tomography (PET) is useful in distinguishing benign from malignant cartilaginous tumors using a maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) cut-off of 2.