Comparison of outcomes between surgery and chemoradiotherapy after endoscopic resection for pT1a-MM with lymphovascular invasion or pT1b esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Japanese multicenter propensity score-matched study.

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) or pT1b is noncurative after endoscopic resection (ER) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and therefore surgery or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is recommended. However, there has been debate regarding which treatment has better outcomes and whether individual risks should be considered.

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective study conducted at 65 hospitals in Japan.

Risk factors for the development of second primary esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma after endoscopic resection for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma according to genetic polymorphisms related to alcohol and nicotine metabolism.

Background: Multiple development of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma is explained by field cancerization and is associated with alcohol consumption and smoking. We investigated the association between the development of second primary esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma after endoscopic resection for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma and genetic polymorphisms related to alcohol and nicotine metabolism.

Methods: The study group comprised 56 patients with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma after endoscopic resection.

Prognostic impact of clinical outcome after endoscopic gastroduodenal stent placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a multicenter retrospective cohort study using a time-dependent analysis.

Background: Endoscopic gastroduodenal stent (GDS) placement is widely used as a safe and effective method to rapidly improve gastrointestinal symptoms of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO). While previous studies reported the utility of chemotherapy after GDS placement for prognosis improvement, they did not fully address the issue of immortal time bias.

Objectives: To examine the association between prognosis and clinical course following endoscopic GDS placement, using a time-dependent analysis.

Usefulness of third-generation narrow band imaging and texture and color enhancement imaging in improving visibility of superficial early gastric cancer: A study using color difference.

Objectives: Overlooking early gastric cancer (EGC) during endoscopy is an issue to be resolved. Image-enhanced endoscopy is expected to improve EGC detection. This study investigated the usefulness of third-generation narrow band imaging (3G-NBI) and texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) in improving the visibility of EGC using the color difference between EGC and its surrounding gastric mucosa.

[Number of hospitalizations due to colonic diverticular bleeding as a predictive factor for readmission:an exploratory study].

Colonic diverticular bleeding often recurs and requires hospital readmission. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the rate of readmission and the number of hospitalizations due to colonic diverticular bleeding. We retrospectively studied 98 patients first admitted between January 2008 and July 2017 for the treatment of colonic diverticular bleeding.

White globe appearance is an endoscopic predictive factor for synchronous multiple gastric cancer.

Background: White globe appearance (WGA) is a small white lesion with a globular shape identified during magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging. However, the association between WGA and synchronous multiple gastric cancer (SMGC) remains unclear.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric cancer (GC) between July 2013 and April 2015 at our institution were eligible for this study.

Does previous biopsy lead to cancer overdiagnosis of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors?

 We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) in superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) regarding the absence or presence of biopsy before M-NBI diagnosis.  Clinicopathological data were retrospectively reviewed for 99 SNADETs from 99 patients who underwent endoscopic resection. The 99 tumors were divided into the non-biopsy group (32 lesions not undergoing biopsy before M-NBI examination) and the biopsy group (67 lesions undergoing biopsy before M-NBI examination).

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of salvage photodynamic therapy by talaporfin sodium for cervical esophageal cancers and lesions larger than 3 cm.

Background: Salvage photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium has a high local control rate for esophageal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy. The eligibility criteria for photodynamic therapy include the absence of invasion to the cervical esophagus and a 3 cm maximum longitudinal lesion length. There is little evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of lesions outside the eligibility criteria.

Integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis of cancer-related genes in non-ampullary duodenal adenomas and intramucosal adenocarcinomas.

The molecular and clinical characteristics of non-ampullary duodenal adenomas and intramucosal adenocarcinomas are not fully understood because they are rare. To clarify these characteristics, we performed genetic and epigenetic analysis of cancer-related genes in these lesions. One hundred and seven non-ampullary duodenal adenomas and intramucosal adenocarcinomas, including 100 small intestinal-type tumors (90 adenomas and 10 intramucosal adenocarcinomas) and 7 gastric-type tumors (2 pyloric gland adenomas and 5 intramucosal adenocarcinomas), were investigated.

Automatic detection of different types of small-bowel lesions on capsule endoscopy images using a newly developed deep convolutional neural network.

BACKGROUND : Previous computer-aided detection systems for diagnosing lesions in images from wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) have been limited to a single type of small-bowel lesion. We developed a new artificial intelligence (AI) system able to diagnose multiple types of lesions, including erosions and ulcers, vascular lesions, and tumors. METHODS : We trained the deep neural network system RetinaNet on a data set of 167 patients, which consisted of images of 398 erosions and ulcers, 538 vascular lesions, 4590 tumors, and 34 437 normal tissues.

Image-Enhanced Endoscopy and Its Corresponding Histopathology in the Stomach.

In recent years, the technological innovation and progress of endoscopic equipment have been remarkable, and various endoscopic observation techniques have been developed. Among them, representative techniques are magnified observation and narrow-band imaging. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) can visualize superficial microanatomies in the stomach.

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the risk of metachronous cancer after endoscopic resection of esophageal cancer.

Follow-up studies of Japanese patients who had undergone endoscopic resection (ER) for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have reported a high prevalence of metachronous SCC in the upper aerodigestive tract (UAT). This prospective multicenter cohort study followed up 330 Japanese patients after ER of ESCC for a median of 49.4 months.

Analysis of factors related to poor outcome after e-learning training in endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer using magnifying narrow-band imaging.

Background And Aims: An e-learning system teaching endoscopic diagnostic process for early gastric cancer using magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) was established, and its efficacy in improving the diagnostic performance for early gastric cancer was proven in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. The aim of this study was to clarify the difference in learning effect in each lesion characteristic.

Methods: Three hundred sixty-five participants diagnosed 40 gastric lesions based on M-NBI findings using the vessel-plus-surface classification system.

Evaluation of an e-learning system for diagnosis of gastric lesions using magnifying narrow-band imaging: a multicenter randomized controlled study.

 Magnifying narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) is useful for the accurate diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC). However, acquiring skill at M-NBI diagnosis takes substantial effort. An Internet-based e-learning system to teach endoscopic diagnosis of EGC using M-NBI has been developed.

Recent traction methods for endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is problematic with regard to en bloc and curable resection rates. Advancements in endoscopic techniques have enabled novel endoscopic approaches such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), which has overcome some EMR problems, and has become the standard treatment for gastrointestinal tumors. However, ESD is technically difficult.

Importance of colonoscopy in patients undergoing endoscopic resection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The aim of the study was to clarify the frequency of colorectal neoplasm (CRN) complicating superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the need for colonoscopy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 101 patients who had undergone initial endoscopic resection (ER) for superficial ESCC. Control group participants were age- and sex-matched asymptomatic subjects screened at our hospital over the same period of time.

Effectiveness of clip-and-snare method using pre-looping technique for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Aim: To evaluate efficacy and safety of clip-and-snare method using pre-looping technique (CSM-PLT) for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Methods: In the CSM-PLT method, a clip attached to the lesion side was strangulated with a snare, followed by application of an appropriate tension to the lesion independent of an endoscope. Twenty consecutive lesions were resected by ESD using CSM-PLT (CSM-PLT group) and compared with a control group, including 20 lesions that were resected by conventional ESD.

White globe appearance is a novel specific endoscopic marker for gastric cancer: A prospective study.

Background And Aim: White globe appearance (WGA) is a small white lesion with a globular shape that can be identified by magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI). WGA was recently reported as a novel endoscopic marker that can differentiate between gastric cancer (GC) and low-grade adenoma. However, the usefulness of WGA for differentiating GC from non-cancerous lesions (NC), including those of gastritis, is unknown.

The "white globe appearance" (WGA): a novel marker for a correct diagnosis of early gastric cancer by magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI).

Background And Study Aims: Although magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) is useful for the diagnosis of gastric mucosal lesions, differentiating between early cancer (EC) and low grade adenoma (LGA) remains a challenge. During M-NBI examination, we have noted the presence of a small, white lesion with a globular shape underneath cancerous gastric epithelium, and have termed this endoscopic finding the "white globe appearance" (WGA). The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the WGA could be an endoscopic marker for distinguishing EC from LGA.

Case of pharyngeal cancer not detected during preoperative transoral endoscopy with narrow band imaging.

We herein report a case of pharyngeal cancer that was not detected during preoperative transoral endoscopy with narrow band imaging (NBI). A 61-year-old female was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of a pharyngeal lesion. Endoscopy revealed a small, elevated lesion, approximately 7 mm in size, at the right pyriform sinus.