Factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Japanese psychiatric outpatient and student populations.

Background: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a common screening instrument excluding somatic symptoms of depression and anxiety, but previous studies have reported inconsistencies of its factor structure. The construct validity of the Japanese version of the HADS has yet to be reported. To examine the factor structure of the HADS in a Japanese population is needed.

The Inventory of Personality Organisation: its psychometric properties among student and clinical populations in Japan.

Background: The Inventory of Personality Organisation (IPO) is a self-report measure that reflects personality traits, as theorized by Kernberg.

Methods: In study 1, the Japanese version of the IPO was distributed to a population of Japanese university students (N = 701). The students were randomly divided into two groups.