Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin sensitization is associated with declined capsaicin cough sensitivity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Sensitization to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) enterotoxins (SEs) A (SEA) and B (SEB) is associated with the pathogenesis of several chronic airway diseases, including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis, but its role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. This cohort study aimed to investigate the impact of sensitization to SEs on total IgE levels, and capsaicin cough reflex sensitivity (C-CS) in COPD.

Productive cough associated with patient-reported outcomes and computed tomography analysis results in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a single centre cross-sectional study.

https://bit.ly/4bPOCzC.

A rare case of a huge malignant pleural mesothelioma presenting in the posterior mediastinum.

We report a case of a 69-year-old woman with pleural mesothelioma presenting in the posterior mediastinum with a maximum diameter of 25 cm. She had a chronic cough and a pleural effusion was noted on chest X-ray. The examination of the effusion showed high hyaluronic acid levels, and mesothelioma was suspected.

Efficacy of dupilumab for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma: A prospective study.

Background: Dupilumab exerts clinical effects, including improved sinus opacification, olfactory function, and quality of life, in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs). Meanwhile, only a few studies have reported its effects on nasal airway resistance and olfactory function, particularly in the Japanese population. Predictors of response remain unclear.

Comorbid functional dyspepsia reflects IL-33-mediated airway neuronal dysfunction in asthma.

Background: Neuronal dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma and functional dyspepsia (FD). However, the relationship between these diseases remains unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the clinical implications of comorbid FD in asthma and to explore the unified pathway between asthma and FD by focusing on airway neuronal dysfunction.

Low Daily Step Count Associated with Small Erector Spinae Muscle Area and Sarcopenia in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Objective The daily step count is associated with mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the factors associated with this phenomenon are not yet fully understood. We therefore clarified its association with clinical parameters.

Bronchial thermoplasty improves cough hypersensitivity and cough in severe asthmatics.

Background: Cough is a troublesome symptom of asthma because it is associated with disease severity and poor asthma control. Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) may be effective in improving cough severity and cough-related quality of life in severe uncontrolled asthma.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of BT for cough in severe uncontrolled asthma.

Targeting the interleukin-5 pathway improves cough hypersensitivity in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma.

Background: Capsaicin cough sensitivity (C-CS) reflects airway neuronal dysfunction and may be a significant biomarker of asthma. Although mepolizumab reduces cough in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma, it is unclear whether the cough reduction is associated with improved C-CS.

Objective: To clarify the effect of biologics on C-CS and cough-specific quality of life (QoL) in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma using our previous study cohort.

Tiotropium for refractory cough in asthma via cough reflex sensitivity: A randomized, parallel, open-label trial.

Background: We previously reported in an uncontrolled study that tiotropium alleviated chronic cough in asthma refractory to inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2 agonists (ICS/LABA) by modulating capsaicin cough reflex sensitivity (C-CRS).

Objective: We sought to determine the antitussive effects of tiotropium for refractory cough in asthma in a randomized, parallel, open-label trial.

Methods: A total of 58 patients with asthma having chronic cough refractory to ICS/LABA were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to add tiotropium 5 μg (39 patients) or theophylline 400 mg (19 patients) for 4 weeks.

Specific IgE Response and Omalizumab Responsiveness in Severe Allergic Asthma.

Objective: Omalizumab has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with severe allergic asthma sensitized to perennial allergens and/or severe pollinosis through inhibition of IgE-dependent allergic response. When considering the "one airway, one disease" concept, sensitization to pollen could predict responsiveness to omalizumab. This study aimed to assess whether the pretreatment specific IgE response could be a predictor of responsiveness to omalizumab in severe allergic asthma sensitized to perennial allergens.

Decreased capsaicin cough reflex sensitivity predicts hospitalisation due to COPD.

Introduction: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often hospitalised due to severe acute exacerbation (AE) or community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Previous studies revealed the association of cough reflex sensitivity with the pathophysiology of COPD and pneumonia. We hypothesised that cough reflex sensitivity may be associated with severe AE or CAP requiring hospitalisation in patients with COPD.

SARC-F scores can predict health status and daily activity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: The strength, assistance in walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls questionnaire (SARC-F) is widely used for screening sarcopenia. We aimed to examine the association of SARC-F scores with the measurements of quality of life and activity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study prospectively enrolled 54 patients with IPF who completed pulmonary function tests, the 6-min walk test, the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT), St.

Erratum: Change original to "Characteristics of the European Thoracic Society/American Thoracic Society severe asthma definition as a determinant of future use of biologics/bronchial thermoplasty".

[This corrects the article e13 in vol. 12, PMID: 35571548.].

Tracheal Glomus Tumor Complicated with Asthma Exacerbation in a Pregnant Woman.

A 34-year-old pregnant woman in the 34th week of gestation with uncontrolled asthma was admitted because of asthma exacerbation. Although she received bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids, respiratory failure rapidly progressed. Chest computed tomography revealed a mass occluding approximately 80% of the tracheal lumen.

Pathophysiological conditions induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection reduce ACE2 expression in the lung.

SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a variety of physiological responses in the lung, and understanding how the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and its proteolytic activator, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), are affected in patients with underlying disease such as interstitial pneumonia will be important in considering COVID-19 progression. We examined the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in an induced usual interstitial pneumonia (iUIP) mouse model and patients with IPF as well as the changes in whole-lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression under physiological conditions caused by viral infection. Histopathological and biochemical characteristics were analyzed using human specimens from patients with IPF and precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from iUIP mouse model showing UIP with honeycombing and severe fibrosis after non-specific interstitial pneumonia.

Residual Dyspnea May Predict Small Airways Dysfunction and Poor Responsiveness to Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy in Asthmatic Patients.

Purpose: Recently, single-inhaler triple therapy (SITT) has demonstrated efficacy in patients with uncontrolled asthma who were symptomatic despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting β2 agonists. However, the characteristics of patients who benefit from SITT remain unclear in the real-world. The aim of this study was to examine the predictors of responsiveness to SITT in patients with asthma.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders are associated with capsaicin cough sensitivity in severe asthma.

Background: Although sensory nerve dysfunction is related to the pathology of severe uncontrolled asthma and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), the impact of comorbid FGIDs on the pathophysiology of severe uncontrolled asthma remains poorly understood. The aim was to clarify the physiological relationships between severe uncontrolled asthma and FGIDs.

Methods: Fifty-two patients with severe uncontrolled asthma who visited our hospital between September 2016 and August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

An autopsy case of immune-related severe colitis due to long-term use of nivolumab in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been developed as cornerstones of cancer therapy, but the growing use of ICIs has induced immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). Immune-related colitis, which is one of the most common irAEs, generally occurs 2-4 months after ICI treatment initiation and can be life threatening. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate management are required.

Human Lung Fibroblasts Exhibit Induced Inflammation Memory Increased Gene Expression and Release.

Fibroblasts of different origins are known to possess stromal memory after inflammatory episodes. However, there are no studies exploring human lung fibroblast memory which may predict a subsequent inflammatory response in chronic respiratory diseases and COVID-19. MRC-5 and HF19 human lung fibroblast cell lines were treated using different primary and secondary stimulus combinations: TNFα-WD-TNFα, Poly (I:C)-WD-TNFα, TNFα-WD-Poly (I:C), or LPS-WD-TNFα with a 24-h rest period (withdrawal period; WD) between the two 24-h stimulations.

Frequency and impact on clinical outcomes of sarcopenia in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Objectives: Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by reduced muscle mass and function. It is well-recognized as a complication in chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, little is known about sarcopenia in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Decreased peak expiratory flow rate associated with mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A preliminary report.

Objectives: The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is known to decrease in patients with sarcopenia. However, little is known about the clinical impact of the PEFR in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to confirm whether a decrease in PEFR over 6 months was associated with survival in IPF patients.