Mood and physiological effects of visual stimulation with images of the natural environment in individuals with depressive and anxiety disorders.

Background: Nature therapies are gaining attention as non-pharmacological treatments for depressive and anxiety disorders, but research on their effectiveness in patients is limited. This study investigates the mood-improving effects of visual stimulation with natural environmental images in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders.

Methods: We conducted a randomized crossover comparison trial involving 60 right-handed adult participants with depressive or anxiety disorders and receiving outpatient treatment.

The effect of positive autobiographical memory retrieval on decision-making under risk: A computational model-based analysis.

Psychiatric disorders such as depressive and anxiety disorders are associated with altered decision-making under risk. Recent advances in neuroeconomics and computational psychiatry have further discomposed risk-based decision-making into distinct cognitive computational constructs and showed that there may be disorder-specific alterations in these constructs. As a result, it has been suggested these cognitive computational constructs may serve as useful behavioral biomarkers for these disorders.

Prefrontal cortex activities during verbal fluency and emotional words tasks in major depressive, adjustment, and bipolar disorders with depressive states.

Background: It can be difficult to differentiate psychiatric disorders from depressive states, with little knowledge on how to differentiate them. This study aimed to evaluate changes in brain activity during cognitive and emotional tasks in patients with depressive state to help with differential diagnoses.

Methods: Sixty-two patients with depressive states [17 with adjustment disorder (AD), 27 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 18 with bipolar disorder (BD)] and 34 healthy controls (HC) were recruited.

Computational markers of experience- but not description-based decision-making are associated with future depressive symptoms in young adults.

Background: Early prediction of high depressive symptoms is crucial for selective intervention and the minimization of functional impairment. Recent cross-sectional studies indicated decision-making deficits in depression, which may be an important contributor to the disorder. Our goal was to test whether description- and experience-based decision making, two major neuroeconomic paradigms of decision-making under uncertainty, predict future depressive symptoms in young adults.

Crystal structures and electrochemical properties of nickel(II) complexes with ,','',-tetra-dentate Schiff base ligands.

The thiol-ate nickel complexes {2-[({2-[(2-amino-ethyl-κ)(meth-yl)amino-κ]eth-yl}imino-κ)meth-yl]benzene-thiol-ato-κ}nickel(II) chloride, [Ni(CHNS)]Cl (), and [2-({[2-(piperazin-1-yl-κ , )eth-yl]imino-κ}meth-yl)benzene-thiol-ato-κ]nickel(II) hexa-fluoro-phosphate di-chloro-methane monosolvate, [Ni(CHNS)]PF·CHCl (), were synthesized by the reactions of 2-(-butyl-thio)-benzaldehyde, tri-amines, and nickel(II) salts. Both complexes have a nickel ion surrounded by an ,','',-tetra-dentate ligand, forming a square-planar geometry. The terminal ,-chelating moiety is ,-di-alkyl-ethane-1,2-di-amine for and 1-alkyl-piperazine for .

Nonlinear Probability Weighting in Depression and Anxiety: Insights From Healthy Young Adults.

Both depressive and anxiety disorders have been associated with excessive risk avoidant behaviors, which are considered an important contributor to the maintenance and recurrence of these disorders. However, given the high comorbidity between the two disorders, their independent association with risk preference remains unclear. Furthermore, due to the involvement of multiple cognitive computational factors in the decision-making tasks employed so far, the precise underlying mechanisms of risk preference are unknown.

The Effect of Brief Stair-Climbing on Divergent and Convergent Thinking.

Recent studies show that even a brief bout of aerobic exercise may enhance creative thinking. However, few studies have investigated the effect of exercise conducted in natural settings. Here, in a crossover randomized controlled trial, we investigated the effect of a common daily activity, stair-climbing, on creative thinking.

Regular Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity and Walking Are Associated with Divergent but not Convergent Thinking in Japanese Young Adults.

The beneficial effects of regular physical activity (PA) on cognitive functions have received much attention. Recent research suggests that regular PA may also enhance creative thinking, an indispensable cognitive factor for invention and innovation. However, at what intensity regular PA brings the most benefits to creative thinking remains uninvestigated.

The Mood-Improving Effect of Viewing Images of Nature and Its Neural Substrate.

It has been recently suggested that contact with nature improves mood via reducing the activity of the prefrontal cortex. However, the specific regions within the prefrontal cortex that underlie this effect remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the specific regions involved in the mood-improving effect of viewing images of nature using a 52-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

The Effect of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Divergent and Convergent Thinking and Its Influence by Mood.

Abundant evidence shows that various forms of physical exercise, even conducted briefly, may improve cognitive functions. However, the effect of physical exercise on creative thinking remains under-investigated, and the role of mood in this effect remains unclear. In the present study, we set out to investigate the effect of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on divergent and convergent thinking and whether this effect depends on the post-exercise mood.

Sex difference in the weighting of expected uncertainty under chronic stress.

The neurobiological literature implicates chronic stress induced decision-making deficits as a major contributor to depression and anxiety. Given that females are twice as likely to suffer from these disorders, we hypothesized the existence of sex difference in the effects of chronic stress on decision-making. Here employing a decision-making paradigm that relies on reinforcement learning of probabilistic predictive relationships, we show female volunteers with a high level of perceived stress in the past month are more likely to make suboptimal choices than males.

The Negative Association Between Positive Psychological Wellbeing and Loss Aversion.

When making decisions, people tend to overweigh the impact of losses compared to gains, a phenomenon known as loss aversion (LA). A moderate amount of LA may be adaptive as it is necessary for protecting oneself from danger. However, excessive LA may leave people few opportunities and ultimately lead to suboptimal outcomes.

Regular Moderate- to Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity Rather Than Walking Is Associated with Enhanced Cognitive Functions and Mental Health in Young Adults.

The beneficial effect of physical activity (PA) on the brain has been well established. Both acute and regular PA can boost a range of cognitive functions and enhance mood and mental health. Notably, the effect of acute PA on the brain and cognitive functions is generally found to be dose-dependent, in terms of both the amount and intensity of the exercise episode.

Avulsion fracture of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle associated with multiple ligament injuries before closure of the growth plate: a case report.

Background: Avulsion fracture of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle is a very rare phenomenon. There are no reports of avulsion fractures associated with multiple ligament injuries before closure of the growth plate. The authors present a case of avulsion fracture of the insertion of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle associated with posterior cruciate ligament injury and an avulsion fracture of the medial collateral ligament at the femoral attachment.

Tetra- and dinuclear manganese complexes of xanthene-bridged O,N,O-Schiff bases with 3-hydroxypropyl or 2-hydroxybenzyl groups: ligand substitution at a triply bridging site.

Complexation properties of U-shaped ligands, L and L, which are Schiff bases of 5,5'-(9,9-dimethylxanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(salicylaldehyde) (Hxansal) with 3-amino-1-propanol or 2-hydroxybenzylamine, respectively, were investigated to construct polynuclear manganese complexes. In these ligands, two O,N,O-Schiff bases are bridged by a xanthene backbone. The reactions of HL or HL with manganese salts afforded tetra- and dinuclear manganese complexes, including the tetramanganese(ii,ii,iii,iii) complex [Mn(L)(μ-OAc)] with a MnO core exhibiting an incomplete double-cubane structure.

CO Release from N,C,S-Pincer Iron(III) Carbonyl Complexes Induced by Visible-to-NIR Light Irradiation: Mechanistic Insight into Effects of Axial Phosphorus Ligands.

Light-induced CO release from newly synthesized N,C,S-pincer iron(III) carbonyl complexes with two phosphorus ligands- trans-[Fe(L-κ N,C,S)(CO)(PRR')]PF ([1]PF, R = Me, R' = Ph; [2]PF, R = R' = Me; [3]PF, R = R' = OEt)-were investigated. All the iron(III) carbonyl complexes were stable in solution and showed light-inducible CO release under ambient conditions. Studies on the wavelength dependence of photoreaction revealed that the phosphite complex [3]PF exhibited the most extended photosensitivity including all visible and a part of near-IR light (390-800 nm wavelengths).

Altered Connectivity of the Anterior Cingulate and the Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus in a Longitudinal Study of Later-life Depression.

Patients with later-life depression (LLD) show abnormal gray matter (GM) volume, white matter (WM) integrity and functional connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), but it remains unclear whether these abnormalities persist over time. We examined whether structural and functional abnormalities in these two regions are present within the same subjects during depressed vs. remitted phases.

Differences in frontotemporal dysfunction during social and non-social cognition tasks between patients with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.

Although literature evidence suggests deficits in social and non-social cognition in patients with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), the difference in neural correlates of the impairments between the two disorders has not been elucidated. We examined brain function in response to a non-social cognition and a social cognition task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in 13 patients with ASD, 15 patients with SCZ, and 18 healthy subjects. We assessed the brain function of participants using a verbal fluency task and an emotional facial recognition task.

[Standardization of Plasma Preparation for MicroRNA Analysis: Influences of High Speed Centrifugation and Membrane Filtration].

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are non-coding small RNAs. Exosomes carry extracellular miRNAs in plasma and other body fluids. Levels of plasma miRNAs show disease-specific changes.

Endemic impact of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 screening in bone allografts.

Allograft bone is a widely used as a convenient tool for reconstructing massive bone defects in orthopedic surgery. However, allografts are associated with the risk of viral disease transmission. One of the viruses transmitted in this manner is human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), which is found worldwide but is unevenly distributed.

Visible-light-induced release of CO by thiolate iron(iii) carbonyl complexes bearing N,C,S-pincer ligands.

Iron(iii) carbonyl complexes are stabilized by a pincer ligand containing pyridine-N, phenyl-C and thiolate-S donors and two axial phosphine ligands. The N,C,S-pincer iron(iii) carbonyl complexes show CO-releasing properties induced by visible light.

A Kirschner wire as a transverse-axis guide to improve acetabular cup positioning.

Purpose: To compare cup-positioning accuracy in total hip arthroplasty (THA) with or without use of a Kirschner wire as a transverse-axis guide for pelvic alignment.

Methods: Records of 18 men and 73 women (mean age, 60 years) who underwent primary THA with (n=49) or without (n=42) use of a Kirschner wire as a transverse-axis guide for pelvic alignment were reviewed. A 2.

Fluorescence behaviour of an anthracene-BODIPY system affected by spin states of a dioxolene-cobalt centre.

Dioxolene cobalt complexes, [Co(L)(TPA)]PF6 () and [Co(L)(Me3TPA)]PF6 (), were synthesized using a catechol with anthracene and boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), H2L, and tris(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine (TPA) or tris[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]amine (Me3TPA) and characterised by UV-vis absorption, IR and NMR spectroscopy. Complexes and are a low-spin cobalt(iii) catecholate form and a high-spin cobalt(ii) semiquinonate form, respectively, in CH3CN at room temperature. The effect of the spin states of the dioxolene-cobalt centre on fluorescence was investigated in CH3CN at room temperature.

Predictive factors of mortality and deterioration in performance of activities of daily living after hip fracture surgery in Kagoshima, Japan.

Aim: Given that different hospitals achieve different outcomes, optimal evaluation of treatment outcomes in the local community requires evaluation of many institutions in that area. We carried out a prospective multicenter cohort study in Kagoshima Prefecture to identify factors that contribute to deterioration in activities of daily living performance and patient mortality 1 year after surgical treatment of hip fractures.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 387 patients who underwent surgery for hip fractures in 33 registered facilities within a 6-month period from February to July 2007.