Successful resolution of stromal keratitis and uveitis using canakinumab in a patient with chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, and articular syndrome: a case study.

Background: Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a group of rare autoinflammatory diseases, and of these, chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, and articular/neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (CINCA/NOMID) syndrome has the most severe phenotype. Canakinumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-1β, has been shown to be an effective treatment for resolving systemic inflammation. However, its efficacy for treating ophthalmic symptoms of this disorder remains unclear.

Effects of oblique muscle surgery on the rectus muscle pulley.

Purpose: To determine the position of rectus muscle pulleys in Japanese eyes and to evaluate the effect of oblique muscle surgery on rectus muscle pulleys.

Methods: Quasi-coronal plane MRI was used to determine area centroids of the 4 rectus muscles. The area centroids of the rectus muscles were transformed to 2-dimensional coordinates to represent pulley positions.

Splitting of the extraocular horizontal rectus muscle in congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders.

Purpose: To analyze the horizontal rectus extraocular muscles (EOMs) by orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders that arises from abnormal development of cranial nerve nuclei or their axonal connections.

Design: Case series, retrospective analysis.

Methods: The morphology of the horizontal rectus EOMs was analyzed in orbital MRI on 4 patients with congenital oculomotor palsy, 26 with congenital superior oblique palsy, and five with Duane syndrome.

Absence of relationship between oblique muscle size and bielschowsky head tilt phenomenon in clinically diagnosed superior oblique palsy.

Purpose: To study whether the variation in maximum oblique muscle size accounts for individual variation in the Bielschowsky head tilt phenomenon (BHTP) in clinically diagnosed superior oblique (SO) palsy.

Methods: Seventeen subjects with clinically diagnosed early-onset or idiopathic SO palsy and 14 normal subjects were enrolled in the study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in coronal and sagittal planes was used for quantitative morphometry of inferior oblique (IO) and SO muscles.

Displacement of the rectus muscle pulleys simulating superior oblique palsy.

Purpose: To investigate the structural basis of three cases of apparent superior oblique (SO) palsy caused by extraocular muscle (EOM) pulley heterotopy.

Methods: Three subjects were diagnosed as having decompensated idiopathic left SO palsy on the basis of misalignment in diagnostic gaze positions, response to the head tilt test, and results of the Hess screen test. Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbits in coronal planes was used to determine SO muscle size and contractility and to define the rectus EOM pulley locations.

Displacement of rectus muscle pulleys by torsional muscle surgery for treatment of full macular translocation-induced incyclotropia.

Purpose: To elucidate the coronal plane locations of extraocular muscle (EOM) pulleys following torsional muscle surgery.

Design: Case report.

Methods: A 76-year-old man underwent advancement of the anterior part of the inferior oblique muscle to treat full macular translocation-induced incyclotropia.