STAT3 Contributes a Favorable Response to Pembrolizumab Through IFN-γ-induced Apoptosis in Urothelial Cancer.

Background/aim: Pembrolizumab, a second-line therapy for platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC), is needed to improve objective response rate. Hence, it is crucial to identify optimal predictive biomarkers of responses. This study aimed to clarify the predictive value and role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in selecting patients with advanced UC who might benefit clinically from pembrolizumab therapy.

Plasma progastrin-releasing peptide level shows different predictive profiles for treatment response by androgen receptor axis-targeted agents in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: The neuroendocrine (NE) pathway cannot be ignored as a mechanism for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression. The neuromediator, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) may be involved in the aberrant activation of the normal androgen receptor (AR) and increased AR variants. This study focused on plasma levels of progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) and examined the treatment outcomes with androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) agents.

A case of renal trauma successfully treated by close monitoring of intravesical pressure and subsequent intervention.

Management of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) due to renal injury is important. A 21-year-old man was taken to an emergent care unit with grade IV right kidney trauma and hypovolemic shock due to a road traffic injury. Despite twice targeted transcatheter arterial embolization of a renal artery, intravesical pressure increased and blood pressure was difficult to maintain.

Cryptococcal Prostatitis Forming Caseous and Suppurative Granulomas Diagnosed by Needle Biopsy: A Case Report.

Cryptococcal granulomatous prostatitis is extremely rare, and there have been few reports of its diagnosis by prostate needle biopsy. The patient, an 81-year-old man, was receiving immunosuppressive treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. He had an oropharyngeal ulcer, and it was diagnosed alongside a methotrexate-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Metastatic mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney responding to nivolumab plus ipilimumab.

Introduction: Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Little is known regarding the efficacy of systemic therapy on its metastatic form because of its rarity.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a patient with metastatic mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma who achieved durable complete remission of multiple osseous metastases after undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy followed by combination immunotherapy (ipilimumab plus nivolumab).

Spontaneous regression of multiple pulmonary metastases accompanied by normalization of serum immune markers following cytoreductive nephrectomy in a patient with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: The spontaneous regression of metastases, which mostly occurs after surgical resection of the primary tumor, has been described in various malignancies, including renal cell carcinoma. The involvement of the host immune system is currently postulated as the underlying mechanism.

Case Presentation: We present a case of metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma that achieved complete spontaneous regression of multiple pulmonary metastases preceded by normalization of serum immune markers after cytoreductive nephrectomy.

Utility of whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the management of treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

Introduction: Treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer, a rare and aggressive malignancy that emerges during androgen deprivation therapy characterized by low serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations, is challenging to monitor because it is associated with predominantly visceral and lytic bone metastases.

Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 69-year-old man with treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer in whom the treatment response could be monitored using whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in addition to serum concentrations of neuroendocrine markers. The patient responded well to platinum-based chemotherapy and achieved a complete response, as evidenced by these diagnostic modalities.