Characteristics and prognostic analysis of patients with detected mutations in resected lung adenocarcinomas by peptide nucleic acid-locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PNA-LNA PCR) clamp method.

Background: () gene mutations are a type of driver mutation discovered in the 1980s, but for a long time no molecular targeted drugs were available for them. Recently, sotorasib was developed as a molecular targeted drug for mutations. It is therefore necessary to identify the characteristics of patients with mutations.

Development of a Detection System for Mutations in Circulating Tumour DNA Using PNA-LNA-Mediated PCR Clamping.

Although circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA)-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a less invasive method for assessing mutations that are essential mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance in patients with oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, adequate amounts of DNA are required to assess polyclonal mutations. By combining a peptide nucleic acid and locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PNA-LNA PCR) clamping assay, we have developed a novel detection system to screen for polyclonal mutations in ctDNA. A validation assay was prospectively performed on clinical samples and compared with the NGS results.

EGFR Mutation Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA Using an Improved PNA-LNA PCR Clamp Method.

Introduction. Rebiopsies have become more crucial in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Instead of invasive biopsies, development of collecting biological data of the tumor from blood samples is expected.

Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck: a case report with magnetic resonance hydrography findings.

Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck, also called the "female hydrocele," is a rare developmental disorder in females. This entity is now believed to be more common now in comparison with previous reports; however, it is still an unfamiliar problem for physicians. The processus vaginalis accompanies the round ligament through the inguinal canal into the labium majus.

Assessment of MR Imaging as a Tool to Differentiate between the Major Histological Types of Uterine Sarcomas.

Objectives: We retrospectively compared and quantified magnetic resonance (MR) images to distinguish major histological types of uterine sarcomas and malignant and benign tumors.

Methods: MR images were obtained from patients who underwent preoperative examinations. We compared 25 pathologically confirmed uterine sarcomas (8 leiomyosarcomas, 11 carcinosarcomas, 6 endometrial stromal sarcomas) with 25 uterine leiomyomas.

Management of breast papillary lesions diagnosed in ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted and core needle biopsies.

Aims: To assess the outcome of breast papillary lesions diagnosed by ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (CB) or vacuum-assisted 'mammotome' biopsy (MT), the accuracy of these diagnoses, and whether it is justified not to undertake surgical excision of non-malignant papillary lesions so diagnosed.

Methods And Results: Among 3219 (MT, 2195; CB, 1024) breast biopsies spanning 5 years, 185 (5.7%) papillary lesions [MT, 162 (88%); CB, 23 (12%)] were identified.

Broad fibrovascular cores may not be an exclusively benign feature in papillary lesions of the breast: a cautionary note.

Aims: A prominent fibrovascular stromal core is one of the widely accepted histological features of breast papillomas, but some papillary carcinomas also show such broad fibrovascular cores, leading to confusion in diagnosis, particularly in needle biopsy specimens. We investigated the histological characteristics of papillary lesions, focusing on broad fibrovascular cores and their relationship with the architectural patterns.

Methods: Among 185 cases of needle biopsies of papillomas and papillary carcinomas, the number of cases with broad fibrovascular cores in each group was compared.

Pure flat epithelial atypia is uncommon in subsequent breast excisions for atypical epithelial proliferation.

The management of atypical intraductal lesions of the breast remains controversial. In the present study, the subsequent surgical excision results and follow-up data on 86 (3.65%) atypical intraductal lesions and 78 (3.

"High-grade" central acellular carcinoma and matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: correlation between ultrasonographic findings and pathological features.

High-grade carcinoma with a large central acellular zone (central acellular carcinoma, CAC) and matrixproducing carcinoma (MPC) are aggressive tumors that both have a central myxomatous acellular zone. Their characteristic morphology may be useful in diagnostic imaging. Ultrasonographic findings based on the Breast Imaging Recording and Data System (BI-RADS) and detailed histological features were evaluated in 11 cases of CAC and 2 cases of MPC to characterize their features.

Myxomatous fibroadenoma of the breast: correlation with clinicopathologic and radiologic features.

Fibroadenoma is a frequently encountered benign tumor that must be differentiated from carcinoma. Fibroadenomas often exhibit myxedematous changes (myxomatous fibroadenoma). We focused on myxomatous fibroadenomas and evaluated their diagnostic imaging and clinicopathologic findings.

Lung adenocarcinoma, mixed subtype: histopathologic basis for high-resolution computed tomography findings.

"Adenocarcinoma, mixed subtype" is the most common histologic subtype of lung adenocarcinomas in the World Health Organization classification of 2004. For small peripheral adenocarcinomas, for example, those measuring 2 cm or less in greatest diameter, invasive areas can present various histologic patterns. The purpose of this study is to present the radiologic features of small peripheral lung adenocarcinomas with or without a bronchioloalveolar component and with or without invasive areas, in comparison with histopathologic findings.

Pleomorphic carcinoma of the breast in a 17-year-old woman.

We report a 17-year-old woman with refractory high-grade breast cancer who died early after surgery, with reference to the histogenesis of the cancer. Macroscopically, the tumor was cystic, composed of a mixture of solid and myxomatous areas. Histologically, the tumor exhibited ductal structures and areas with squamoid features.

Quality control and monitoring for the isolation process of mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation into osteoblasts.

We developed a method of quality control and monitoring for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow and their differentiation into osteoblasts. After dividing the cell culture process into five groups based on cell types such as MSCs and osteoblasts, we used microarray analysis to select genes with expression profiles characteristic of each group and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for confirming the expression profiles of these genes. Comparing multiple gene expression profiles per cell from quantitative polymerase chain reaction permitted us to distinguish (1) different groups of cell culture including MSCs and osteoblasts; (2) MSCs that had differentiated cells other than osteoblasts such as chondroblasts, adipocytes, or skin-derived fibroblasts; and (3) desirable MSCs from undesirable MSCs occurring under different culture conditions.

Clinicocytopathology of breast cancers with a ring-like appearance on ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance imaging.

On breast cancer imaging some cancers have an anechoic or high-echoic zone in the tumor on ultrasonography and ring-shaped enhancement on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high intensity in the central area of the tumor on T2-weighted imaging, necessitating their differentiation from benign disease. Thus, nine breast cancers with a ring-like appearance on imaging were analyzed on cytopathology. Histologically the cancer cells of these lesions showing a ring-like appearance were located in the periphery of the tumor, with a central hypocellular zone.

Neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the breast: report of a case.

A rare case of neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma (SmCC) of the breast is reported. A 51-year-old postmenopausal woman noticed a nodule approximately 3 cm in diameter in her right upper breast. Histologically, the tumor consisted of small ovoid to pleomorphic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, and a large central area was occupied by acellular amorphous tissue.

Frequent and variable abnormalities in p14 tumor suppressor gene in glioma cell lines.

Ten glioma cell lines were examined for abnormalities of exon 1beta of the p14 gene and then for abnormalities of the entire p14 gene with the use of previous findings of other exons. Abnormalities of exon 1beta and the entire p14 gene were detected in eight of ten cases: homozygous deletion of the entire gene in six cases, hemizygous deletion of exon 1beta with homozygous deletion of downstream exons in one case, and hemizygous deletion of the entire coding region with a missense mutation (A97V) at the C-terminal nucleolar localization domain in one case. The remaining two cases revealed no such abnormalities.

Dynamic MRI of solitary pulmonary nodules: comparison of enhancement patterns of malignant and benign small peripheral lung lesions.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI enhancement characteristics of malignant and benign solitary pulmonary nodules.

Materials And Methods: The characteristics of 202 solitary pulmonary nodules (diameter, 1-3 cm; 144 cases of primary lung cancer, 31 cases of focal organizing pneumonia, 15 tuberculomas, 12 hamartomas) were reviewed retrospectively. In all cases dynamic MR images were obtained before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 minutes after bolus injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine.

Venous hemangioma arising from the diaphragm: a case report of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

We report a rare case of diaphragmatic hemangioma with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. A routine chest radiograph in a 75-year-old woman revealed a nodular opacity in the right lower lung field. Multidetector-row computed tomography revealed a well-circumscribed nodule arising from the diaphragm or pleura.

Thymic epithelial tumors: comparison of CT and MR imaging findings of low-risk thymomas, high-risk thymomas, and thymic carcinomas.

Objective: To assess the CT and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of thymic epithelial tumors classified according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) histologic classification and to determine useful findings in differentiating the main subtypes.

Materials And Methods: Sixty patients with thymic epithelial tumor who underwent both CT and MR imaging were reviewed retrospectively. All cases were classified according to the 2004 WHO classification.

Pretreatment prediction of interferon-alfa efficacy in chronic hepatitis C patients.

Background & Aims: Interferon has been used widely to treat patients with chronic hepatitis C infections. Prediction of interferon efficacy before treatment has been performed mainly by using viral information, such as viral load and genotype. This information has allowed the successful prediction of sustained responders (SR) and non-SRs, which includes transient responders (TR) and nonresponders (NR).

Pulmonary sarcoidosis: comparison of findings of inspiratory and expiratory high-resolution CT and pulmonary function tests between smokers and nonsmokers.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to compare the high-resolution CT and pulmonary function test findings of smokers and nonsmokers with pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Materials And Methods: Full inspiratory and expiratory high-resolution CT of the thorax and pulmonary function tests were performed in 46 patients (23 smokers and 23 lifelong nonsmokers) with histologically proven sarcoidosis. The median interval between high-resolution CT and pulmonary function tests was 8 days (range, 0-27 days).

Optimization of liver biopsy RNA sampling and use of reference RNA for cDNA microarray analysis.

In this study, we used the rat liver as a model system to optimize the conditions for extracting RNA from liver biopsies for use in cDNA microarrays. We found that a 5-mm biopsy with a 16-gauge needle and storage in RNA later at 4 degrees C were optimal conditions for RNA extraction. The most important factor for the quantity and quality of RNA extraction was the sample diameter.

Respiratory symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis: relation between high resolution CT findings and functional impairment.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to analyze the high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with respiratory symptoms and to evaluate the relation between the extent of HRCT findings and functional impairment as assessed by spirometry.

Materials And Methods: HRCT examination of the thorax and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed in 34 RA patients with respiratory symptoms. Patients with smoking history or with emphysema evident on HRCT were excluded from the study.