Stereoselective Synthesis of Z-α,β-Unsaturated Sulfones Using Peterson Reagents.

New Peterson reagents were prepared by introducing alkyloxy groups on the silicon atom in order to fix the conformation of the sulfone anion. The reagents 1d and 1e reacted with a variety of aldehydes after the treatment with Li-base to give Z-α,β-unsaturated sulfones with up to >99:1 selectivity in good to excellent yields. For the reaction with aliphatic aldehydes, CPME (cyclopentyl methyl ether) is the choice of solvent, while DME (1,2-dimethoxyethane) gave higher selectivity for the reaction with aromatic aldehydes.

Formal genesis of the outflow tracts of the heart revisited: previous works in the light of recent observations.

The formal genesis of the great arteries continues to be controversial due to the lack of consensus of septation of the developing outflow tract. In order to make it clear how the great arteries are generated, we have re-examined our previous papers which emphasized the formation of the aorta and pulmonary trunk, concept of the aorticopulmonary septum, formation of the leaflets of semilunar valves, morphogenesis of the crista supraventricularis, programmed cell death and rotation of the outflow tract. In the present paper, we compare outcomes gained from the re-examination of our previous papers with prevalent interpretations of the arterial trunk.

In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces disruption of glands of the prostate and fibrosis in rhesus monkeys.

We investigated the effects that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure has on the prostate in rhesus monkey offspring. Dams received 0, 30 or 300 ng/kg TCDD subcutaneously on Day 20 of gestation, and then 5% of the initial dose was injected every 30 days until Day 90 after delivery. The offspring were maintained until reaching sexual maturity, and examined histopathologically.

In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces a reduction in epididymal and ejaculated sperm number in rhesus monkeys.

A long-term developmental toxicity study of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure was performed in rhesus monkeys and the effect on male reproductive organs was determined in the second generation. Dams received 0, 30 or 300 ng/kg TCDD subcutaneously on Day 20 of gestation, and then 5% of the initial dose was injected every 30 days until Day 90 after delivery. The offspring were maintained until reaching sexual maturity, and evaluated by semen analysis, and histopathology of the testes and epididymides.

In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) affects bone tissue in rhesus monkeys.

Bone tissue is one of the target tissues for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate effects of in utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), on bone tissue in rhesus monkey, the most human-like experimental model available. Pregnant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; age 4-10 years) were exposed to TCDD with a total dose of 40.

In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) affects tooth development in rhesus monkeys.

We thought to validate the current tolerable daily intake (TDI) value for dioxin (4 pg/kg) in Japan. Pregnant rhesus monkeys received an initial dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 0, 30, or 300 ng/kg subcutaneously) on day 20 of gestation; the dams received additional injection of 5% of the initial dose every 30 days until day 90 after delivery. The teeth of stillborn, postnatally dead, and surviving offspring (now approximately 4 years old) were evaluated.

Erythemas caused by electrodes while monitoring neuromuscular blockade: three cases.

Skin erythemas formed in three patients during surgery at the sites where negative electrodes had been attached to stimulate the ulnar nerve for a neuromuscular transmission monitor (Relaxograph). The patients were all women, aged 52, 62, and 74 years, and general anesthesia lasted 8 h 20 min, 4 h 50 min, and 8 h 45 min, respectively. The electrodes used were disposable ECG electrodes in the first two patients and one designed for a neuromuscular monitor in the third; all were carbon-coated and then covered with gel.

[Perioperative failure of hemodialysis shunts: analysis of risk factors].

Background: Because vascular access dysfunction results in substantial morbidity in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, this complication should be avoided. However, we experienced four patients whose hemodialysis shunts failed within 24 hours postoperatively.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed operations performed under general anesthesia in our hospital for patients receiving hemodialysis shunts between May 2001 and October 2002.

Life span shortening of normal fibroblasts by overexpression of BCL-2: a result of potent increase in cell death.

It is well known that BCL-2 protects against cell death by both apoptosis and necrosis. The culture of bcl-2-transfected normal fibroblasts showed a shorter life span by about 12 population doubling levels compared to that of vector transfectants (64 vs 76 population doubling levels, respectively). An MTT assay revealed that BCL-2-overexpressing cells (HCA2/bcl-2) showed more severe growth suppression due to hydrogen peroxide or doxorubicin treatment than vector control cells (HCA2/vector).

Effect of BCL-2 down-regulation on cellular life span.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are toxic for cells. BCL-2 is known as the anti-death protein and acts as an antioxidant. When the BCL-2 level of normal fibroblasts was suppressed by antisense bcl-2 oligodeoxynucleotide or antisense bcl-2 RNA expression, the life span of the culture was shortened by about 11 population doublings (approx.

[Airway management in tracheal stenosis caused by malignant goiter].

We report a case of malignant goiter with severe tracheal stenosis. The patient was a 61-year-old female, who had orthopnea on admission. Radiological examinations revealed a tracheal stenosis extending from 4.