A p.Arg499His mutation in SPAST is associated with infantile-onset complicated spastic paraplegia: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4) is caused by mutations in the SPAST gene, is the most common form of autosomal-dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP), and is rarely associated with a complicated form that includes ataxia, epilepsy, and cognitive decline. To date, the genotype-phenotype correlation has not been substantially established for SPAST mutations.

Case Presentation: We present a Japanese patient with infantile-onset HSP and a complex form with coexisting ataxia and epilepsy.

Variants in KIF2A cause broad clinical presentation; the computational structural analysis of a novel variant in a patient with a cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 3.

Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 3 (CDCBM3) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome caused by Kinesin family Member 2A (KIF2A) gene mutation. Patients with CDCBM3 exhibit posterior dominant agyria/pachygyria with severe motor dysfunction. Here, we report an 8-year-old boy with CDCBM3 showing a typical, but relatively mild, clinical presentation of CDCBM3 features.

Pyridoxal in the Cerebrospinal Fluid May Be a Better Indicator of Vitamin B6-dependent Epilepsy Than Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate.

Background: We aimed to demonstrate the biochemical characteristics of vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy, with a particular focus on pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxal in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Methods: Using our laboratory database, we identified patients with vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy and extracted their data on the concentrations of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxal, pipecolic acid, α-aminoadipic semialdehyde, and monoamine neurotransmitters. We compared the biochemical characteristics of these patients with those of other epilepsy patients with low pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentrations.

mutations cause variable phenotypes of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Objective: Vitamin B-dependent epilepsies are treatable disorders caused by variants in several genes, such as ,, and others. Recently, biallelic variants in formerly known as , were identified as a novel cause of vitamin B-dependent epilepsies. Our objective was to further delineate the phenotype of mutation.

Genetic analysis of undiagnosed ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorders.

Objectives: Defects in DNA damage responses or repair mechanisms cause numerous rare inherited diseases, referred to as "DNA-repair defects" or "DNA damage deficiency", characterized by neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, and/or cancer predisposition. Early accurate diagnosis is important for informing appropriate clinical management; however, diagnosis is frequently challenging and can be delayed, due to phenotypic heterogeneity. Comprehensive genomic analysis could overcome this disadvantage.