Comparison Between Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty on Short-Term Performance-Based Outcomes and Factors Associated with the Improvement of Gait Function During Post-Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation.

: Data on the differences in functional recovery between inpatient rehabilitation for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are lacking, and the factors influencing the improvement of short-term functional mobility remain unknown. In this study, we compared the short-term functional outcomes of both procedures and identified early postoperative predictors of physical function gain during post-acute rehabilitation. : A total of 435 patients who underwent THA and TKA were included.

Systematic genetic identification of functional domains on collided di-ribosomes responsible for rescue pathways upon translation arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Translation elongation becomes arrested when various obstacles arise, such as a series of inefficient rare codons or stable RNA secondary structures, thus causing ribosomal stalling along the mRNA. Certain wasteful and persistent stalling states are resolved by ribosome rescue pathways. For instance, collisions between stalled and subsequent ribosomes are thought to induce ubiquitination of ribosomal S20 protein by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hel2, which triggers subsequent rescue reactions.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Frailty at 6 months FollOwing Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With End-Stage OA.

Introduction: Lower-limb osteoarthritis (OA) in the elderly can be a risk factor for frailty, which is the preliminary of disability, but it may be reversible with appropriate interventions. We aimed to use the Kihon Check List (KCL) to assess multiple domains of frailty and to identify the characteristics of frailty in patients with hip or knee OA following total joint arthroplasty.

Materials And Methods: This study included 136 ≥ 65-year-old patients (mean age: 73.

Standardization of evaluation method and prognostic significance of histological response to preoperative chemotherapy in high-grade non-round cell soft tissue sarcomas.

Background: Preoperative chemotherapy is widely applied to high-grade localized soft tissue sarcomas (STSs); however, the prognostic significance of histological response to chemotherapy remains controversial. This study aimed to standardize evaluation method of histological response to chemotherapy with high agreement score among pathologists, and to establish a cut-off value closely related to prognosis.

Methods: Using data and specimens from the patients who had registered in the Japan Clinical Oncology Group study, JCOG0304, a phase II trial evaluating the efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy with doxorubicin (DOX) and ifosfamide (IFO), we evaluated histological response to preoperative chemotherapy at the central review board.

Corrigendum: Emerging Evidence of Translational Control by AU-Rich Element-Binding Proteins.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.

Incidence of recreational snowboarding-related spinal injuries over an 11-year period at a ski resort in Niigata, Japan.

Background: There is limited knowledge regarding the incidence of recreational snowboarding-related spinal injuries.

Objective: This study investigated the incidence and characteristics of recent recreational snowboarding-related spinal injuries and discussed possible preventive measures to reduce the risk of spinal injuries.

Methods: This descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to investigate the incidence and characteristics of snowboarding-related spinal injuries at the Myoko ski resort in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, between 2006 and 2017.

ARE-binding protein ZFP36L1 interacts with CNOT1 to directly repress translation via a deadenylation-independent mechanism.

Eukaryotic gene expression can be spatiotemporally tuned at the post-transcriptional level by cis-regulatory elements in mRNA sequences. An important example is the AU-rich element (ARE), which induces mRNA destabilization in a variety of biological contexts in mammals and can also mediate translational control. Regulation is mediated by trans-acting factors that recognize the ARE, such as Tristetraprolin (TTP) and BRF1/ZFP36L1.

Analysis of Pressure Distribution in Transfemoral Prosthetic Socket for Prefabrication Evaluation via the Finite Element Method.

In this study, we estimated and validated the pressure distribution profile between the residuum and two types of prosthetic sockets for transfemoral amputees by utilizing a finite element analysis. Correct shaping of the socket for an appropriate load distribution is a critical process in the design of lower-limb prosthesis sockets. The pressure distribution profile provides an understanding of the relationship between the socket design and the level of subject comfortability.

Emerging Evidence of Translational Control by AU-Rich Element-Binding Proteins.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators of posttranscriptional gene expression and control many important biological processes including cell proliferation, development, and differentiation. RBPs bind specific motifs in their target mRNAs and regulate mRNA fate at many steps. The AU-rich element (ARE) is one of the major cis-regulatory elements in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of labile mRNAs.

Age at the time of hip fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is 4 years greater than it was 10 years before, but is still younger than that of the general population.

To investigate the characteristics of hip fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Between 2012 and 2015, 789 hip fractures were treated at our hospital. Patients with RA were checked and their characteristics were compared with data recorded 10 years before, and with the general population.

Dedifferentiated spermatic cord liposarcoma with macroscopic ossification.

Introduction: Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of the adipose tissue, and dedifferentiated liposarcoma is a relatively rare subtype. Liposarcomas are typically located in the lower extremities or retroperitoneum, but dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the spermatic cord is rare and no case of it with macroscopic ossification has been reported in the literature.

Case Presentation: A male presented to our hospital with a painful, palpable, and hard left suprapubic mass, formed over 3 months.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of H3K27 trimethylation in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

The histological definitive diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is quite difficult because the morphological features are not specific and no useful immunohistochemical marker has been identified. Loss-of-function mutations in EED or SUZ12, which encode the core subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), were reported in MPNSTs, and the mutations were shown to cause inactivation of PRC2, leading to loss of trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Immunohistochemistry of H3K27me3 is expected to be a specific marker for MPNSTs.

Cancer-testis antigens are predominantly expressed in uterine leiomyosarcoma compared with non-uterine leiomyosarcoma.

Leiomyosarcomas account for ~24% of all adult sarcomas, and develop predominantly either in the uterus [uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS)] or in deep soft tissue or the retroperitoneum [non-uterine leiomyosarcoma (NULMS)]. Leiomyosarcomas are relatively chemoresistant tumors, and the prognosis of patients with leiomyosarcomas is poor. Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are considered promising immunotherapeutic targets because of their restricted expression in normal tissue, except in the testis.

Diagnostic utility of histone H3.3 G34W, G34R, and G34V mutant-specific antibodies for giant cell tumors of bone.

Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTBs) are characterized by mononuclear stromal cells and osteoclast-like giant cells; up to 95% have H3F3A gene mutation. The RANKL inhibitor denosumab, when used for the treatment of GCTB, leads to histological changes such as new bone formation and giant cell depletion. Here we assessed the diagnostic utility of immunohistochemical staining with the antibodies against histone H3.

Histopathological and genetic review of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumours, mixed connective tissue variant.

Aims: Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour, mixed connective tissue variant (PMT-MCT), is a tumour of uncertain differentiation, characterised by 'smudgy/grungy' calcification and vitamin D-resistant phosphaturic osteomalacia. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23 is recognised as a reliable marker of PMT-MCT, but quantitative evaluation has never been performed. We reviewed cases of tumour-associated osteomalacia or histologically definitive PMT-MCT without osteomalacia using histological, immunohistochemical and genetic methods and evaluated the diagnostic significance of these findings.

MAGEA4 expression in bone and soft tissue tumors: its utility as a target for immunotherapy and diagnostic marker combined with NY-ESO-1.

Cancer-testis (CT) antigens have promise as targets for immunotherapy, because of their restricted expression in tumor or testis tissue. MAGEA4 is both a MAGE family member and a CT antigen, and has attracted attention as a potential immunotherapeutic target. We investigated MAGEA4 expression by immunohistochemistry in bone and soft tissue tumor specimens that consisted of 35 malignant or intermediate and 24 benign histological subtypes, in order to evaluate its possible utility as an immunotherapy target and its potential use as a diagnostic marker when combined with another CT antigen, NY-ESO-1.

Claudin 6 expression is useful to distinguish myxofibrosarcomas from other myxoid soft tissue tumors.

Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is characterized by abundant myxoid stroma, a wide spectrum of cytological atypia, and frequent local recurrence. Some soft tissue tumors with myxoid stroma can histologically mimic MFS, but have different biological behaviors. Here we sought to identify a useful diagnostic marker for MFS.

Histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas associated with CIC-DUX4 and BCOR-CCNB3 fusion genes.

CIC-DUX4 and BCOR-CCNB3 fusion-gene-associated small round cell sarcomas account for a proportion of pediatric small round cell sarcomas, but their pathological features have not been sufficiently clarified. We reviewed a large number of soft tissue tumors registered at our institution, retrieved the cases of unclassified tumors with a small round cell component, and subjected them to histopathological, immunohistochemical, and gene profile analysis. We reviewed 164 cases of unclassified tumors with a small round cell component and analyzed them by RT-PCR and FISH.

Cancer-testis antigen expression in synovial sarcoma: NY-ESO-1, PRAME, MAGEA4, and MAGEA1.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is regarded as a relatively chemosensitive sarcoma, but the prognosis of advanced SSs remains poor. Here we identified highly expressed cancer-testis antigens that could be promising immunotherapy targets for SS, using a previously conducted cDNA microarray, and we assessed the clinicopathological or prognostic relationships of these antigens in SS. We compared the gene expression profiles of 11 SSs with those of 3 normal adipose tissues.

Phosphorylation of STAT3 in Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Is Correlated with a Favorable Prognosis.

Objective: The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway plays a role in various biological processes. Phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) functions as a transcriptional factor, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a potential inhibitor of STAT3. Here, we analyzed the status of the JAK-STAT pathway in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS).

Challenges to prevent secondary fractures in patients with hip fractures in Joetsu Myoko, Japan through the increased use of osteoporosis treatment and collaboration with family doctors.

The Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital (NPCH) is one of the main hospitals for the cities of Joetsu and Myoko, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, an area with a population of 240,141, of whom 26.7 % were aged ≥65 years in 2009. In the NPCH, patients with hip fractures are admitted to an orthopedic ward within 4 h, 89.

Histological spectrum of angiofibroma of soft tissue: histological and genetic analysis of 13 cases.

Aims: Angiofibroma of soft tissue (AFST) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm characterized by a fibroblastic cytomorphology and a prominent vascular structure. AFSTs possess a novel fusion gene, i.e.

Development of exoskeletal robotic limbs for a rat controlled by neural signals based on a vehicular neuro-robotic platform RatCar.

A pair of exoskeletal limbs for a rat has been developed based on a vehicular Brain-Machine Interface "Rat-Car". The "RatCar" is a whole-body motor prosthesis system for a rat developed by the authors, estimating locomotion velocity according to neural signals pattern to move the rat body by the vehicle instead of its original limbs. In this paper, exoskeletal limbs have displaced the wheels for more natural modality of body control.

Mycobacterial infection of the musculoskeletal tissues: the use of pathological specimens for identification of causative species by PCR-direct sequencing of 16S rDNA.

Mycobacterial infection of musculoskeletal tissue is a rare disease that may cause destruction of the tissues. Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria affect the tissues. Although surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy are required for the treatment, it is necessary to identify the causative species before selecting the antibiotics.

Molecular analyses of cell origin and detection of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood in alveolar soft part sarcoma.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a distinct, rare soft tissue tumor with an unknown histogenesis and a tendency for late widespread metastases to lung, bone, and brain. It is now clear that they are caused by a specific unbalanced translocation, der(17)t(X;17)(p11;q25), which results in the formation of an ASPSCR1-TFE3 (alias ASPL-TFE3) fusion gene. The rearrangement results in the expression of chimeric transcripts, which can be identified by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).