A case of early myoclonic encephalopathy with intractable seizures successfully treated with high-dose phenobarbital.

Background: Early myoclonic encephalopathy (EME) is an epileptic syndrome that develops in neonates, commonly within 1 month of birth. The condition is characterized by irregular, partial, and asynchronous myoclonus. The seizures in EME are generally refractory to antiepileptic drugs and no effective treatment for EME has been established.

[Assessment of brain perfusion by arterial spin-labeling MR imaging in qusai-moyamoya disease associated with Graves' disease].

We report a case of 12-year-old girl with Graves' disease who had presented with deterioration in physical and scholastic performances since 10 years of age. She had an episode of atonic seizure and difficulty in speech. Brain MRI revealed formation of moyamoya vessels and a lesion suggestive of ischemic changes in the left frontal lobe.

[A male case of subcortical band heterotopia with somatic mosaicism of DCX mutation].

This report describes a male case of subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) with somatic mosaicism of doublecortin (DCX) mutation. His brain MRI revealed bilateral SBH with anterior dominant pachygyria. Although he had infantile spasms from 5-months old and showed mild developmental delay, he responded well to vitamin B6 and ACTH therapy.

Marked elevation of interleukin-6 in mild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) associated with acute focal bacterial nephritis caused by Enterococcus faecalis.

This report describes two cases of mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS) associated with acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN). The patients, who presented with fever and delirious behavior, exhibited hyponatremia and markedly elevated interleukin (IL)-6 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. Enterococcus faecalis was detected in the urine culture.

Focal EEG abnormalities might reflect neuropathological characteristics of pervasive developmental disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Neurophysiological characteristics in electroencephalograms (EEG) were investigated for patients with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and for patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). This study examined 64 PDD children and 22 AD/HD children with no history of epilepsy or progressive neurological or psychiatric disorder. We used multivariate analysis to compare EEG abnormalities, clinical symptoms, and intelligence levels between PDD and AD/AD patient groups.

Postnatal evolution of cortical malformation in the "non-affected" hemisphere of hemimegalencephaly.

A boy with epilepsy of neonatal onset was diagnosed with hemimegalencephaly (HME) based on the finding of an enlarged left cerebral hemisphere with dysplastic cortex over the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an essentially unremarkable gyration pattern in the contralateral hemisphere. Ictal electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography revealed epileptic foci in the left hemisphere.