Publications by authors named "Hiroshi Kawashima"

In the ultrasound for anorectal malformation, penguin's head represents distal rectal pouch, and its beak runs toward distal side of fistula. Despite the rarity of this disease and insufficient ultrasound experience of the examiner, this sign is useful for ultrasound examiners to accurately diagnose the type of anorectal malformation.

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Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is an intractable disease of unknown cause that develops in the neonatal period. It causes jaundice and liver damage due to the destruction of extrahepatic biliary tracts,. We have found that heterozygous knockout mice of the SRY related HMG-box 17 (Sox17) gene, a master regulator of stem/progenitor cells in the gallbladder wall, exhibit a condition like BA.

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Objectives: Extrapulmonary sequestration (EPS) within the diaphragm (ID-EPS) is rare and requires additional procedures such as incision or detachment of the diaphragm from the lesion for diagnosis. This study aimed to describe the imaging findings and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) for ID-EPS.

Material And Methods: Split diaphragm sign, shape of lesion edge, drainage vein into intra-abdomen on ultrasound and CT, and lesion characteristics on ultrasound were compared between patients with ID-EPS and with above-diaphragm EPS (AD-EPS) using Fisher's exact test.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study compares respiratory function outcomes of patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy (TS) versus those who had thoracotomy (TR) over a 12-year period.
  • The TR procedure was found to be quicker and performed on younger patients compared to TS, but both groups showed similar respiratory function results post-surgery after testing at age eight.
  • Despite the differences in procedure timing and duration, the pulmonary function test results (forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume) were not significantly different between the two surgical methods.
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Central lymphatic diseases such as intractable chylothorax can be fatal. Lymphatic venous anastomosis at the venous angle level is expected to give a direct therapeutic effect because it opens the obstructed outlet of the main lymphatic vessels. However, the original methods resulted in some important issues, such as the potential for venous reflux.

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Background: The superiority of thoracoscopic repair (TR) over conventional open repair (COR) for esophageal atresia, especially in terms of long-term outcomes, remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to compare short- and long-term results between TR and COR group.

Methods: Patients who underwent TR or COR for esophageal atresia without other predispositions to musculoskeletal deformities (2003-2016) and had been followed up for a minimum of 5 years were retrospectively reviewed.

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Mead acid (MA, 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid) is an n-9 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and a marker of essential fatty acid deficiency, but nonetheless generally draws little attention. MA is distributed in various normal tissues and can be converted to several specific lipid mediators by lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase. Recent pathological and epidemiological studies on MA raise the possibility of its effects on inflammation, cancer, dermatitis and cystic fibrosis, suggesting it is an endogenous multifunctional PUFA.

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Ongoing global change makes it ever more urgent to find creative solutions for biodiversity preservation, but prioritizing sites for protection can be challenging. One shortcut lies in mapping the habitat requirements of well-established biodiversity indicators, such as top predators, to identify high-biodiversity sites. Here, we planned site protection for biodiversity conservation by developing a multi-scale species distribution model (SDM) for the raptorial Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis; goshawk) breeding in an extensive megacity region of Japan.

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Thyroid involvement is rare in pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). It may cause airway narrowing, leading to acute-onset respiratory distress. Severe cases may require emergent surgical interventions such as thyroidectomy, which should be avoided in children due to higher rates of complication, particularly in infancy.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Conditions like undescended testicular torsion and purulent lymphadenitis can mimic incarcerated inguinal hernia, complicating diagnosis, especially in emergency situations.
  • * Familiarity with ultrasound imaging and prompt decision-making are crucial for emergency physicians to distinguish between these conditions and prevent harmful interventions.
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Purpose: To ensure the safe spread of pediatric endoscopic surgery, it is essential to build a training curriculum, and a survey of the current situation in Japan is necessary. The present study assessed an efficient training curriculum by clarifying instructor class pediatric surgeons' experiences, including autonomy when performing advanced endoscopic surgeries.

Methods: An online nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted among pediatric surgeons who had Endoscopic Surgical Skill Qualification (ESSQ) and board-certified instructors who had skills comparable to ESSQ.

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Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the learning curve of thoracoscopic repair of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) by a single surgeon using a cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis.

Methods: Prospective clinical data of consecutive Gross type-C TEF repairs performed by a pediatric surgeon from 2010 to 2020 were recorded. CUSUM charts for anastomosis and operating times were generated.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Out of 667 identified patients, the overall incidence of leakage was 7.8%, with higher rates seen in staged repair procedures (21.2%) and longer surgery times (12.6% for >3.5 hours).
  • * The findings indicate that staged repairs and prolonged operative times significantly increase the risk of leakage, highlighting the need for improved treatment strategies for these complex cases.
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Purpose: To investigate and determine the sonographic findings obtained from manually distorted testes to predict testicular atrophy following manual detorsion.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two patients who had been diagnosed with testicular torsion and undergone manual detorsion were included. These patients were classified according to the presence or absence of testicular atrophy.

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Objectives: To describe the incidence and diagnostic performance of ultrasound for perianal abscess or fistula-in-ano in pediatric patients with perianal inflammation.

Methods: We included 45 patients with perianal inflammation who underwent ultrasonography. To demonstrate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound for fistula-in-ano, a definite diagnosis of perianal abscess, and fistula-in-ano was determined as that proven through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT).

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Liver cirrhosis due to secondary sclerosing cholangitis caused by Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has a poor prognosis, and liver transplantation is the definitive treatment. However, the optimal timing has not been established. We report a 2-year-old girl with LCH-related liver cirrhosis who successfully underwent liver transplantation before progressing to severe liver dysfunction.

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To evaluate the impact of previous infection on perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy for congenital lung anomalies. This was a single-institution retrospective observational study for which patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy for congenital lung disease between 2009 and 2021 were enrolled, and patients with extralobar sequestration were excluded. Patient background and data related to the surgery were compared between patients who had an infection before surgery (Group 1) and those who did not (Group 2).

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Background: Biopsies for diagnosis before chemotherapy is common in children with malignant solid tumors. Wound healing is delayed by chemotherapy; however, the ideal interval between biopsy and chemotherapy remains unknown. We aimed to summarize the relationship between chemotherapy timing and postoperative surgical complications.

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Purpose: This study aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes of laparoscopically assisted anorectoplasty (LAARP) and conventional procedures (CPs) for anorectal malformation (ARM) using a national inpatient database in Japan.

Methods: Using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients who underwent anorectoplasty for high- or intermediate-type ARMs from 2010 to 2019. Primary outcomes were postoperative rectal prolapse, anal stenosis, and general complications.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study aimed to analyze the occurrence and risk factors for late severe intestinal complications in 51 patients who had surgery for congenital intestinal atresia/stenosis.
  • The findings revealed that 15.7% of patients experienced complications, primarily those with conditions located on the anal side of the ligament of Treitz, and more complications were noted in high-risk types of intestinal atresia/stenosis.
  • The researchers emphasized the importance for doctors to monitor patients for potential intestinal issues after surgery, especially in those showing abdominal symptoms related to jejunal and ileal atresia/stenosis.
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  • The study aimed to identify risk factors for respiratory complications in children and adolescents with mediastinal tumors and develop a management algorithm.
  • Researchers analyzed data from 57 patients, finding that specific symptoms (like cough and dyspnea) and certain CT findings (like reduced tracheal area) were linked to a higher risk of complications.
  • A risk scoring system was created that accurately predicts complications based on these clinical and imaging factors, showing 100% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity for identifying at-risk patients.
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  • * During surgery, an unexpected cystic structure was discovered, which was identified as an ectopic gallbladder with hypoplasia, leading to the successful removal of both the gallbladder and the bile duct.
  • * This is the first known pediatric case report documenting an ectopic gallbladder alongside congenital biliary dilatation, emphasizing the importance of recognizing such rare anomalies for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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