Relugolix for oral treatment of uterine leiomyomas: a dose-finding, randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Uterine leiomyomas are the most common neoplasm affecting women and frequently cause heavy menstrual bleeding and pain. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonists provide fast symptom relief and show promise as a medical (non-surgical) treatment option and as a presurgical treatment to reduce leiomyoma size. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three dose levels of oral relugolix, a small molecule GnRH receptor antagonist, in Japanese women with uterine leiomyomas and heavy menstrual bleeding.

Relugolix, a novel oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, in the treatment of pain symptoms associated with uterine fibroids: a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study in Japanese women.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist, relugolix, in patients experiencing uterine fibroid-associated pain.

Design: Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Setting: Medical centers.

Oral Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist Relugolix Compared With Leuprorelin Injections for Uterine Leiomyomas: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To investigate the noninferiority of relugolix compared with leuprorelin acetate in reducing heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas.

Methods: In a double-blind, double-dummy trial, premenopausal women with uterine leiomyomas and heavy menstrual bleeding defined as a pictorial blood loss assessment chart score of at least 120 were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to relugolix (40 mg, oral, once daily) or leuprorelin acetate (1.88 mg or 3.

Erythropoietin Receptor Antagonist Suppressed Ectopic Hemoglobin Synthesis in Xenografts of HeLa Cells to Promote Their Destruction.

The aim of this study is to explore a cause-oriented therapy for patients with uterine cervical cancer that expresses erythropoietin (Epo) and its receptor (EpoR). Epo, by binding to EpoR, stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells into hemoglobin-containing red blood cells. In this study, we report that the HeLa cells in the xenografts expressed ε, γ, and α globins as well as myoglobin (Mb) to produce tetrameric α2ε2 and α2γ2 and monomeric Mb, most of which were significantly suppressed with an EpoR antagonist EMP9.

Erythropoietin is involved in hemoprotein syntheses in developing human decidua.

Before establishment of feto-placental circulation, decidua can synthesize hemoproteins to maintain oxygen homeostasis in situ. Using the human decidua of induced abortions ranging from 5 to 8 weeks of gestation, we determined the expression levels of erythropoietin, erythropoietin receptor, cytoglobin, myoglobin, embryonic-, fetal- and adult hemoglobin mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR analysis and identified their proteins by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Erythropoietin signaling was demonstrated in phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway by Western blot, and the transcriptional factors for erythroid and non-erythroid heme synthesis were examined by RT-PCR analysis.

Exposure to ethinyl estradiol prenatally and/or after sexual maturity induces endometriotic and precancerous lesions in uteri and ovaries of mice.

Unrecognizable exposure to estrogenic substance may cause estrogen-dependent diseases, endometriosis and cancer. Pregnant mice (ICR/Jcl, CLEA) were exposed to 0.01 mg ethinyl estradiol (EE2 )/kg per day or vehicle (olive oil) through oral intubation from day 11 to 17 of gestation.

The significance of laparoscopy in determining the optimal management plan for infertile patients with suspected tubal pathology revealed by hysterosalpingography.

The fallopian tube has numerous functions, including ovum pick-up, the place of fertilization of the ovum and cleavage of the embryo, and transfer of the embryo to the uterus. Tubal pathology impairs functions of the fallopian tube and reduces fertility. The degree of tubal pathology determines the possibility for fertility.

Retrospective evaluation of tumor markers in ovarian mature cystic teratoma and ovarian endometrioma.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and serum levels of tumor markers in patients with ovarian endometrioma (OE) and ovarian mature cystic teratoma (MCT).

Material And Methods: Values of CA125, CA19-9, and sialyl Tn antigen (STN) were retrospectively investigated in 321 patients with OE. CA125, CA19-9, STN, and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) were examined in 435 patients with MCT.

Cutaneous metastasis from primary adenocarcinoma of the vagina: a case report.

Cutaneous metastasis in vaginal cancer is an extremely rare event and no cases of cutaneous metastasis from primary vaginal adenocarcinoma have been found. We report the clinicopathologic features, including cytopathologic findings, of the first case of cutaneous metastasis to the anterior chest wall from a sporadic-type advanced primary vaginal adenocarcinoma. Our present case suggested that cytopathologic examination should be performed as soon as possible when a patient exhibits multiple subcutaneous nodules or a painful cutaneous ulcer during treatment of advanced gynecologic cancer.

Primary adenomyoma of the fallopian tube mimicking tubal malignant tumor.

We report a rare case of adenomyoma localized only in the left fallopian tube mimicking tubal malignant tumor. A 45-year-old woman presented with mild pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and left adnexal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a solid tumor, suspected primary cancer of the fallopian tube, and serum carbohydrate antigen 125 was elevated to 72 U/mL (normal; 0-35).

Carcinomatous meningitis during systematic chemotherapy in a patient with advanced small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Carcinoma meningitis with uterine cervical cancer is an extremely rare event. We present the clinicopathologic characteristics and diagnostic imaging findings of a patient with advanced small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix who had developed carcinoma meningitis during systematic chemotherapy.

Evaluation of oral etoposide in combination with cisplatin for patients with recurrent cervical cancer: long-term follow-up results of a Japanese multicenter study.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of cisplatin and daily oral etoposide in patients with recurrent cervical cancer.

Patients And Methods: Treatment was initiated with oral etoposide 25 mg/day for 21 consecutive days, with intravenous cisplatin at 50 mg/m², on day 1, every 4 weeks, then the etoposide dose was increased to 50 mg/day.

Results: Thirty patients were enrolled in this study.

Case of acquired hemophilia with factor VIII inhibitor in a mother and newborn.

We report a mother and newborn in the puerperium with hemorrhage secondary to factor VIII inhibitor. A 31-year-old gravida 1 para 1 delivered at a local clinic with a massive postpartum hemorrhage. The activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged and factor VIII inhibitor was detected.

Evaluation of a low-dose oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose oral contraceptives (IKH-01; 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg norethisterone) for patients with primary dysmenorrhea.

Design: Placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial.

Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene in epithelial ovarian cancer: an approach to anti-VEGF therapy.

Aim: A monoclonal antibody that targeted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) resulted in a dramatic suppression of tumor growth in vivo, which led to the development of bevacizumab, a humanized variant of anti-VEGF antibody, as an anticancer agent. The aims of this study were to clarify the significance of VEGF gene expression in relation to clinicopathological parameters and to identify potential candidates for anti-VEGF therapy with bevacizumab.

Patients And Methods: VEGF gene expression was analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 178 surgical epithelial ovarian cancer specimens.