Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease during remission after induction therapy with dasatinib in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report.

Dasatinib, a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (EBV-LPD) occur in immunocompromised patients, such as those receiving methotrexate or other immunosuppressive drugs or after allogenic transplantation. EBV-LPD is also reported to be a rare side effect in patients receiving long-term dasatinib or imatinib.

A new era in the management of spinal metastasis.

Despite the recent advances in cancer treatment, the incidence of patients with spinal metastases continues to grow along with the total number of cancer patients. Spinal metastases can significantly impair activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL), compared with other types of bone metastases, as they are characterized with severe pain and paralysis caused by skeletal-related events. Reduced ADL can also lead to treatment limitations as certain anticancer agents and radiation therapy are not compatible treatments; thus, leading to a shorter life expectancy.

Clinical PD-1/PD-L1 Blockades in Combination Therapies for Lymphomas.

Immunotherapy with the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) blockade has revolutionized the treatment of advanced solid cancers. However, these clinical benefits have been limited to cases of malignant lymphomas, showing promising results for only classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL). To bring clinical benefits to more patients with lymphoma, numerous combination therapies involving PD-1/PD-L1 blockade have been tested in clinical trials in both frontline and relapsed/refractory settings.

HTLV-1 cell-free DNA in plasma as a potential biomarker in HTLV-1 carriers and adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.

Viral cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma has been widely evaluated for detecting cancer and monitoring disease in virus-associated tumors. We investigated whether the amount of cfDNA of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) correlates with disease state in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). HTLV-1 cfDNA in aggressive ATL was significantly higher than that in indolent ATL and asymptomatic carriers.

A Multicenter, Phase II Trial of Schedule Modification for Nab-Paclitaxel in Combination with Ramucirumab for Patients with Previously Treated Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: The B-RAX Trial (JACCRO GC-09).

Background: This study investigated whether schedule modification of bi-weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) plus ramucirumab (RAM) is efficacious against gastric cancer (GC) or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GJC).

Patients And Methods: Patients with unresectable GC or GJC who were previously treated with fluoropyrimidine-containing regimens received nab-PTX (100 mg/m) on days 1, 8, and 15 and RAM (8 mg/kg) on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Based on the incidence of severe adverse events (AEs) during the first cycle, patients were modified to bi-weekly therapy from the second cycle.

Current and emerging therapeutic strategies in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is classified into four clinical subtypes: acute, lymphoma, chronic, and smoldering. Chronic ATL is further divided into unfavorable and favorable chronic types according to serum lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, and serum albumin values. Acute, lymphoma, and unfavorable chronic types are categorized as aggressive ATL, whereas favorable chronic and smoldering types are categorized as indolent ATL.

An open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial of valemetostat for relapsed or refractory adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with poor prognosis and few treatment options for patients with relapsed, recurrent, or refractory disease. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of valemetostat, a potent enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and EZH1 inhibitor, in treating relapsed or refractory (R/R) ATL. This multicenter phase 2 trial enrolled patients with R/R aggressive ATL (acute, lymphoma, unfavorable chronic type).

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Involving an Abundant Infiltration of T Follicular Helper Cells.

A 76-year-old man presented with skin plaque and splenic nodules, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with infiltration of T-cells was suspected based on the skin lesions. The disease showed indolent clinical behavior for three months, when systemic lymphadenopathy rapidly evolved. An inguinal lymph node biopsy revealed DLBCL with abundant infiltration of T follicular helper (TFH) cells.

[HLA-haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide for adult T-cell leukemia].

Recently, allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical donors using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCY-haploPBSCT) has become available in clinical practice. However, the efficacy of PTCY in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is not fully established yet. In this study, we retrospectively examined data of seven patients who underwent PTCY-haploPBSCT.

Post-transplant Complication With TAFRO Features in a Patient With Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal insufficiency, and organomegaly (TAFRO) syndrome was first reported in 2010 and can occur in association with various potential causes including idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease, infectious diseases, malignancies, and rheumatologic disorders. The diagnostic criteria do not mention a possible association with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here, we present a 56-year-old man who had TAFRO syndrome-like complications after cord blood transplantation (CBT) for acute myeloid leukemia.

A widely distributed HIV-1 provirus elimination assay to evaluate latency-reversing agents .

Persistence of HIV-1 latent reservoir cells during antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a major obstacle for curing HIV-1. Even though latency-reversing agents (LRAs) are under development to reactivate and eradicate latently infected cells, there are few useful models for evaluating LRA activity . Here, we establish a long-term cell culture system called the "widely distributed intact provirus elimination" (WIPE) assay.

A phase II multicenter trial assessing the efficacy and safety of first-line S-1 + ramucirumab in elderly patients with advanced/recurrent gastric cancer: KSCC1701.

Background: The mainstream first-line chemotherapy for advanced/recurrent gastric cancer (ARGC) is combination therapy including platinum-based agents. With the progressive aging of the society, the incidence of gastric cancer in elderly patients is increasing. However, elderly patients cannot tolerate these agents because of renal dysfunction or low quality of life.

[Central nervous system involvement of graft versus host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult T cell leukemia].

A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with acute adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in November 2015 and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in March 2016. Cognitive impairment appeared suddenly around May 2019, and MRI of the brain showed cerebral white matter lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed no significant findings other than elevated protein.

HTLV-1 infection promotes excessive T cell activation and transformation into adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) mainly infects CD4+ T cells and induces chronic, persistent infection in infected individuals, with some developing adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). HTLV-1 alters cellular differentiation, activation, and survival; however, it is unknown whether and how these changes contribute to the malignant transformation of infected cells. In this study, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing and T cell receptor-sequencing to investigate the differentiation and HTLV-1-mediated transformation of T cells.

Subsequent attempt tyrosine kinase inhibitor discontinuation in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia; a single institute experience.

Discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is now a feasible therapeutic goal for patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP). Whereas approximately half of patients experience molecular relapse, after resuming with any TKI; the majority re-achieve a deep molecular response (DMR). It is unclear whether such patients who re-achieve a durable DMR can discontinue TKI safely again.