The pyruvate-GPR31 axis promotes transepithelial dendrite formation in human intestinal dendritic cells.

The intestinal lumen is rich in gut microbial metabolites that serve as signaling molecules for gut immune cells. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) sense metabolites and can act as key mediators that translate gut luminal signals into host immune responses. However, the impacts of gut microbe-GPCR interactions on human physiology have not been fully elucidated.