Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promotes regeneration of severed facial nerve in rats.

Background And Aim: The administration of growth and neurotrophic factors has been attempted experimentally as a new therapeutic strategy for severe facial paralysis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has an effect on the treatment of central nervous system injuries, such as cerebral infarction and spinal cord injury. This study aimed at examining the effects of G-CSF on facial nerve regeneration in rats.

[A CASE OF EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS WITH RHINOSINUSITIS CONTROLLED WITH ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY].

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a disease with marked elevation of blood eosinophil associated with various symptoms in the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, peripheral nerves, and skin due to systemic vasculitis. Here, we report a case of EGPA in which rhinosinusitis was treated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) with good results. A 49-year-old man who developed bronchial asthma at age 48 was diagnosed with EGPA in our hospital.

A Case of Coexistent Fungal Rhinosinusitis and Actinomycosis Caused by Gutta-Percha Points Extruded Into the Maxillary Sinus.

Dental materials can stray into the maxillary sinus, causing maxillary sinusitis. We present a case of coexistent fungal rhinosinusitis and actinomycosis caused by gutta-percha points, a core-filling material used for root canal treatment. A 56-year-old man who had undergone root canal treatment with gutta-percha points visited our oral surgery department with complaints of purulent nasal discharge lasting one month.

Assessing volume growth of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity in children using three-dimensional imaging software.

Objective: To investigate the accurate volume changes in the paranasal sinus and nasal cavity with age development, using three-dimensional (3D) imaging software METHODS: Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity volumes from computed tomography (CT) images in patients aged 0-24 years were measured using a 3D model to examine age-related changes. Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity growth were compared between age groups. Additionally, the correlation between body height and paranasal sinus growth was examined.

A new surgical technique to increase airflow in the olfactory cleft: superior turbinate lateralization procedure.

Background: The olfactory cleft (OC) is the most important anatomical site for the maintenance of olfactory function. Obstruction of airflow in the OC by various conditions, such as inflammation, leads to poor olfactory function. Therefore, it is important to increase OC airflow while performing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach Is Superior to Transcranial Approach for Small to Medium Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas in Terms of Visual Outcome and Complications: A Retrospective Study in a Single Center.

Objective: This study compared the effectiveness of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) with the conventional transcranial approach (TCA) for treating tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs), aiming to identify the superior surgical method and the risk factors affecting outcomes.

Methods: Patients treated for TSM from 1998 to 2023 at our institution were retrospectively analyzed, evaluating patient characteristics, tumor features, outcomes, and complications. A novel grading system for preoperative evaluation of TSMs was proposed.

Predicting synkinesis caused by Bell's palsy or Ramsay Hunt syndrome using machine learning-based logistic regression.

Objective: To investigate whether machine learning (ML)-based algorithms, namely logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), and gradient-boosting decision tree (GBDT), utilizing early post-onset parameters can predict facial synkinesis resulting from Bell's palsy or Ramsay Hunt syndrome more accurately than the conventional statistics-based LR.

Methods: This retrospective study included 362 patients who presented to a facial palsy outpatient clinic. Median follow-up of synkinesis-positive and -negative patients was 388 (range, 177-1922) and 198 (range, 190-3021) days, respectively.

Techniques in Staining of Rodent and Human Olfactory Tissue.

Staining of olfactory tissue allows for evaluation of the organization of specific cell types within the specimen and allows for assessment in abnormalities of function that may be related to changes in normal tissue architecture. Histochemical staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques are the most common methods for visualizing olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulbs. Here we describe the method of IHC for olfactory tissue utilizing both fluorescent and peroxidase-based methods of visualization.

Intracranial aspergilloma mimicking metachronous meningioma following transsphenoidal removal of a tuberculum sellae meningioma: illustrative case.

Background: Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (eTSS) is a well-established approach for resection of skull-based pathologies such as tuberculum sellae meningiomas; however, central nervous system (CNS) fungal infection is a potential complication, particularly in a patient with concomitant sinusitis.

Observations: A 58-year-old woman with a tuberculum sellae meningioma causing progressive visual disturbance and concurrent asymptomatic chronic maxillary sinusitis underwent eTSS. Six months later, a de novo dura-based mass with peripheral edema, which was assumed to be an aggressive metachronous meningioma, developed in the middle cranial fossa.

Evidence for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and olfactory cell lineage impairment in close-contact infection Syrian hamster models.

Objectives: Close contact with patients with COVID-19 is speculated to be the most common cause of viral transmission, but the pathogenesis of COVID-19 by close contact remains to be elucidated. In addition, despite olfactory impairment being a unique complication of COVID-19, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the olfactory cell lineage has not been fully validated. This study aimed to elucidate close-contact viral transmission to the nose and lungs and to investigate the temporal damage in the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) lineage caused by SARS-CoV-2.

High CT Attenuation Values Relative to the Brainstem Predict Fungal Hyphae Within the Sinus.

Objectives: There is currently no established objective diagnostic indicator for the differentiation of sinus fungal ball (SFB) from unilateral nonfungal chronic sinusitis (UCRS). This study evaluated whether computed tomography (CT) attenuation values relative to those of the brainstem (relative CT number) are useful for differentiating SFB from UCRS.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients who were pathologically diagnosed with SFB or UCRS between 2013 and 2021 were retrospectively identified.

Traumatic facial nerve injury: A case of facial nerve avulsion at the cerebellopontine angle.

Post-traumatic facial nerve paralysis is a common disease, but intracranial facial nerve injury after blunt injury has rarely been reported. We report a case of facial nerve avulsion at the cerebellopontine angle. A 23-year-old female with incomplete right-sided facial nerve palsy and facial spasms presented to our hospital.

Rapid fluorescent vital imaging of olfactory epithelium.

Olfactory epithelium (OE) undergoes degeneration in disorders such as age-related and post-viral olfactory dysfunction. However, methods for real-time detection of OE and assessment of total extent within the nasal cavity are currently unavailable. We identified two fluorescence probes for rapidly detecting and evaluating the entire extent of mice OE with topical application.

Clinical and electrophysiological findings of facial palsy in a case of hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis.

Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (HGA) is an autosomal dominant systemic amyloidosis, characterized by cranial and sensory peripheral neuropathy, corneal lattice dystrophy, and cutis laxa. We report a case of HGA presenting with bilateral facial palsy. A 70-year-old Japanese man presented with slowly progressive bilateral facial palsy and facial twitching, which had started in his 40s.

Odorant metabolism of the olfactory cleft mucus in idiopathic olfactory impairment patients and healthy volunteers.

Background: It remains unclear whether the metabolic activity of nasal mucus in the olfactory and respiratory areas is different. Moreover, age- and olfaction-related changes may affect metabolism.

Methods: Hexanal, octanal, and 2-methylbutanal were selected for in vitro metabolism analysis and compared between the olfactory cleft and respiratory mucus of participants < 50-year-old with normal olfaction using gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

Heterogeneous distribution of mature olfactory sensory neurons in human olfactory epithelium.

Background: The olfactory cleft (OC) comprising the olfactory epithelium (OE) is the most important anatomical location for olfactory function. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is used to treat diseases related to the OC and improve olfactory dysfunction. However, iatrogenic OE injury occasionally occurs.

Squamous and Respiratory Metaplasia After Olfactory Mucosal Resection.

Resection of the olfactory mucosa (OM) is sometimes unavoidable during surgery; however, it is not known whether the OM can completely recover thereafter. The aim of this study was to uncover whether the OM fully recovers after mucosal resection and describe the process of OM regeneration. 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats ( = 18) were subjected to OM resection at the nasal septum; six rats were euthanized for histological examination 0, 30, and 90 days after surgery.

A Case of Huge Cutaneous Verrucous Carcinoma of the Neck.

Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma. VC commonly occurs in the mucosa, but rarely occurs in the skin. The treatment for VC is surgical removal of the tumor.

Effects of Cigarette Smoke on the Nasal Respiratory and Olfactory Mucosa in Allergic Rhinitis Mice.

Objective: Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure reportedly enhances allergic airway inflammation. However, some studies have shown an association between current cigarette smoke exposure and a low risk for allergic rhinitis. Thus, the impact of CS exposure on allergic rhinitis remains poorly understood.

Caloric restriction reduces basal cell proliferation and results in the deterioration of neuroepithelial regeneration following olfactotoxic mucosal damage in mouse olfactory mucosa.

The effects of caloric restriction (CR) on cell dynamics and gene expression in the mouse olfactory neuroepithelium are evaluated. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed either control pellets (104 kcal/week) or CR pellets (67 kcal/week). The cytoarchitecture of the olfactory neuroepithelium in the uninjured condition and its regeneration after injury by an olfactotoxic chemical, methimazole, were compared between mice fed with the control and CR diets.

Low CT Attenuation Values of Sinonasal Benign Tumours Relative to the Brainstem Identify Schwannomas.

Objectives: On computed tomography (CT), sinonasal schwannoma displays as a soft-tissue mass without any distinctive features. Our aim was to define the radiological criteria for distinguishing schwannoma from other sinonasal benign tumours.

Methods: We retrospectively identified consecutive patients who were pathologically diagnosed with benign sinonasal tumours between 2007 and 2016.

Reduction of Proliferating Olfactory Cells and Low Expression of Extracellular Matrix Genes Are Hallmarks of the Aged Olfactory Mucosa.

The incidence of olfactory impairment increases with age; however, the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this increase are yet to be determined. We examined the influence of aging on olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), which are maintained by a unique stem cell system, from olfactory progenitor cells to mature ORNs, by histological comparisons of the physiological status of the olfactory epithelium between young adult and aged mice. Furthermore, we clarified the expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophins, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying olfactory impairment caused by aging.

Environmental factors associated with allergic rhinitis symptoms in Japanese university students: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Numerous studies have reported that various environmental factors during early life are key determinants for developing allergic disease. Herein, we aimed to investigate the impact of environmental factors on allergic rhinitis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a single university in Japan (from April to June, in 2015 and 2016).