Promotion effect of the propolis from Jeju Island, Korea, on NGF secretion in human glioblastoma cells.

Propolis is a resinous mixture of substances collected and processed from various botanical sources by honeybees (Apis mellifera). We previously found that propolis collected on Jeju Island, located off the southern coast of Korea, originates from a single plant, Angelica keiskei KOIDZUMI (Ashitaba). A.

Dopamine release from rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and rat brain striata induced by a series of straight carbon chain aldehydes with variations in carbon chain length and functional groups.

Green odor compounds, a group of 6-carbon (C6) aldehydes and alcohols, are able to enhance dopamine release from pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, rat brain striatal slices, and brain striata in living rats. In this study, we examined the effects of aldehydes and alcohols with varying carbon chain lengths (2-9 carbons) and functional groups on dopamine release in PC12 cells, brain slices, and living rat brain. In PC12 cells, n-aldehydes and n-alcohols promoted dopamine release, and this effect was stronger as the carbon chain length increased.

Effects of n-hexanal on dopamine release in the striatum of living rats.

Green odor is present in many green leaves, vegetables, and fruits and is composed of four 6-carbon straight-chain alcohols, n-hexanol, (E)-2-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenol, and (E)-3-hexenol, and four aldehydes, n-hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal, and (E)-3-hexenal. It has been reported that certain green odor compounds enhance dopamine release from rat brain striatal slices and rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells). It is well known that intracellular Ca(2+) levels regulate dopamine release.

Contribution of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and protein dephosphorylation to the induction of dopamine release from PC12 cells by the green odor compound hexanal.

n-Hexanal (hexanal), a straight-chain six-carbon aldehyde, is mainly present in plants. Hexanal strongly affects the release of dopamine from rat striatal slices and rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. In this study, we attempted to clarify the mechanism underlying the regulation of dopamine release by hexanal by using PC12 cells, which have the ability to synthesize, store, and release dopamine.

Effects of direct exposure of green odour components on dopamine release from rat brain striatal slices and PC12 cells.

The effects of odour components on dopamine release from rat brain striatal slices and rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were examined. The striatal slices were directly stimulated with 0.5% odour-including Krebs buffer using a superfusion method.