The outcomes of carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography (CO2-DSA) for performing percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (balloon PTA) in hemodialysis patients has not been fully clarified. The purpose was to compare the outcomes of balloon PTA of hemodialysis shunts in terms of vessel patency between patients treated using CO2-DSA and conventional digital subtraction angiography using iodine contrast medium (C-DSA).We retrospectively evaluated 76 patients (38 males and 38 females, mean age: 65.
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