Infrared Spectroscopy of Synovial Fluid Shows Accuracy as an Early Biomarker in an Equine Model of Traumatic Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of lameness and joint disease in horses. A simple, economical, and accurate diagnostic test is required for routine screening for OA. This study aimed to evaluate infrared (IR)-based synovial fluid biomarker profiling to detect early changes associated with a traumatically induced model of equine carpal osteoarthritis (OA).

A novel diagnostic examination for dropped head syndrome (DHS) (Prone position cervical extension test; DHS test).

Background: Dropped head syndrome (DHS) is followed by severe cervical extension muscle weakness that results in chin-on chest deformity. However, maintaining a neutral cervical position can be temporarily possible, and the diagnosis of DHS might sometimes be difficult. The purpose of the present study is to examine a novel clinical test (DHS test) as the diagnostic utility for objective evaluation that focuses on cervical extension condition in the prone position.

Plasma and Synovial Fluid Cell-Free DNA Concentrations Following Induction of Osteoarthritis in Horses.

Biomarkers for osteoarthritis (OA) in horses have been extensively investigated, but translation into clinical use has been limited due to cost, limited sensitivity, and practicality. Identifying novel biomarkers that overcome these limitations could facilitate early diagnosis and therapy. This study aimed to compare the concentrations of synovial fluid (SF) and plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) over time in control horses with those with induced carpal OA.

Nanofluidic analytical system integrated with nanochannel open/close valves for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

There have been significant advances in the field of nanofluidics, and novel technologies such as single-cell analysis have been demonstrated. Despite the evident advantages of nanofluidics, fluid control in nanochannels for complicated analyses is extremely difficult because the fluids are currently manipulated by maintaining the balance of driving pressure. To address this issue, the use of valves will be essential.

Accelerated protein digestion and separation with picoliter volume utilizing nanofluidics.

Single cell analyses can provide critical biological insight into cellular heterogeneity. In particular, the proteome, which governs cell functions, is much more difficult to analyze because it is principally impossible to amplify proteins compared to nucleic acids. The most promising approach to single cell proteomics is based on the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platform.

Rapid Patient-Side Evaluation of Endothelial Glycocalyx Thickness in Healthy Sedated Cats Using GlycoCheck® Software.

The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) determines transvascular fluid fluxes, and influences inflammation, coagulation, and capillary blood flow. The GlycoCheck® software calculates EG thickness using sidestream dark field videomicroscopy recordings. This method has not been evaluated for use in cats.

Ocular expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Aims/introduction: Inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) phosphorylation mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is one of the main mechanisms of action of antidiabetic drugs. In this study, we analyzed the ocular expression and activation of Cdk5 in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Materials And Methods: The concentrations of PPARγ, Cdk5 and its activating subunit (p35) were determined in the vitreous body of 24 PDR and 63 control eyes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Stable Formation of Aqueous/Organic Parallel Two-phase Flow in Nanochannels with Partial Surface Modification.

In microfluidics, various chemical processes can be integrated utilizing parallel multiphase flows. Our group has extended this research to nanofluidics, and recently performed the extraction of lipids using parallel two-phase flow in nanochannels. Although this was achieved in surface-modified nanochannels, a stable condition of parallel two-phase flow remains unknown due to difficulties in device fabrication, for a suitable method of bonding surface-modified substrates is lacking.

Suspected Gentamicin-Induced Retinal Vascular Occlusion after Vitrectomy.

Retinal vascular occlusion after ocular surgery is a rare but serious complication. A history of cardiovascular diseases, retrobulbar anesthesia injection, high intraocular pressure during the perioperative period, and drug toxicity have been reported as possible causative factors. We report here two cases of multiple retinal vascular occlusions after the subconjunctival injection of gentamicin at the end of uncomplicated 25-gauge vitrectomy.

Changes in choroidal structure following intravitreal aflibercept therapy for retinal vein occlusion.

Aims: To examine the choroidal change accompanying retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in detail, we measured changes in choroidal structure after intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) injections for RVO using binarisation of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomographic (EDI-OCT) images and assessed associations with clinical outcome.

Methods: Retrospective, observational case series. Forty treatment-naïve patients (10 central, 18 major branch and 12 macular branch RVO) were examined by EDI-OCT before and 1, 3 and 6 months after IVA injections.

Quantitative analyses of diameter and running pattern of choroidal vessels in central serous chorioretinopathy by en face images.

This study was to investigate the choroidal vessels in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) quantitatively. We studied 41 CSC eyes and their fellow eyes, and 41 normal eyes of 41 age-adjusted individuals. En-face optical coherence tomography image of the top 25% slab of Haller's layer was analyze.

Intra-aneurysmal embolization of cellulose porous beads to regenerate vessel wall: an experimental study.

Purpose: Although the treatment of intracranial cerebral aneurysms with detachable coils is now widely accepted, the problem of coil compaction and recanalization remains unsolved. If the vessel wall can be regenerated at the neck orifice of an aneurysm, thereby reducing the blood flow into the aneurysm, the recurrence rate of the aneurysm would decrease. Accordingly, we aimed to insert cellulose porous beads (CPBs) into rat models of external carotid artery (ECA) aneurysm and study their efficacy in promoting vessel wall regeneration.

Systemic and Ocular Determinants of Choroidal Structures on Optical Coherence Tomography of Eyes with Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy.

Knowledgeof the choroidal structures in eyes with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) should provide information on the pathogenesis of DR. A prospective study was performed to determine the systemic and ocular factors that affect the choroidal structures in eyes with diabetes. Two-hundred consecutive diabetic subjects consisted of 160 treatment-naïve patients with different stages of DR and 40 patients with proliferative DR with prior panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).

Surgical Outcomes of Vitrectomy for Macular Hole Retinal Detachment in Highly Myopic Eyes: A Multicenter Study.

Purpose: To investigate surgical outcomes of macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) in highly myopic eyes.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective case study.

Participants: One hundred ten eyes with retinal detachment resulting from macular hole (MH) were evaluated.

Investigation of percentage changes in pulse wave transit time induced by mini-fluid challenges to predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated dogs.

Objective: To investigate whether percentage changes in pulse wave transit time (PWTT%Δ) induced by mini-fluid challenges predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated anesthetized dogs.

Design: Prospective experimental trial.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Femtoliter nanofluidic valve utilizing glass deformation.

In the field of micro/nanofluidics, the channel open/close valves are among the most important technologies for switching and partitioning actions and integration of various operations into fluidic circuits. While several types of valves have been developed in microfluidics, few are capable in nanofluidics. In this study, we proposed a femtoliter (fL) volume nanochannel open/close valve fabricated in glass substrates.

Differential effects of N-acetylcysteine on retinal degeneration in two mouse models of normal tension glaucoma.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is widely used as a mucolytic agent and as an antidote to paracetamol overdose. NAC serves as a precursor of cysteine and stimulates the synthesis of glutathione in neural cells. Suppressing oxidative stress in the retina may be an effective therapeutic strategy for glaucoma, a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerves.

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CHOROIDAL STRUCTURES AND VISUAL FUNCTIONS IN EYES WITH RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.

Purpose: To investigate the choroidal structures in the enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomographic images in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and to determine correlations between the choroidal structures and visual functions.

Methods: The enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomographic images of 100 eyes with typical RP and 60 age-, sex-, and axial length-matched normal eyes were binarized using ImageJ. The cross-sectional luminal and stromal areas of the inner and outer subfoveal choroid of 1,500-µm width were measured.

Changes in choroidal thickness in healthy pediatric individuals: a longitudinal study.

Aim: To investigate the changes in the choroidal thickness in healthy pediatric children in a longitudinal study, and to determine the ocular and systemic parameters that were significantly correlated with the changes in the choroidal thickness.

Methods: This study included 64 eyes of 34 healthy Japanese children with a mean age (±SD) of 4.4 (±0.

Evaluation of pulse pressure variation and pleth variability index to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To evaluate whether pulse pressure variation (PPV) and pleth variability index (PVI) are more accurate than central venous pressure (CVP) for predicting fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated isoflurane-anesthetized dogs after premedication with acepromazine.

Design: Prospective experimental trial.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Topical Ripasudil Suppresses Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in a Mouse Model of Normal Tension Glaucoma.

Purpose: To assess if ripasudil has a neuroprotective effect using mice with excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) deletion (EAAC1 knockout [KO] mice), a mouse model of normal tension glaucoma.

Methods: Topical administration (5 μL/day) of two different concentrations of ripasudil (0.4% and 2%) were applied to EAAC1 KO mice from 5 to 12 weeks old.

Differential Distribution of Salmonella Serovars and Campylobacter spp. Isolates in Free-Living Crows and Broiler Chickens in Aomori, Japan.

Salmonella and Campylobacter cause foodborne enteritis mainly via the consumption of raw/undercooked contaminated poultry meat and products. Broiler flocks are primarily colonized with these bacteria; however, the underlying etiology remains unclear. The present study was conducted in order to obtain further information on the prevalence and genotypic distribution of Salmonella and Campylobacter in free-living crows and broiler flocks in a region for 2 years, thereby facilitating estimations of the potential risk of transmission of C.

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly oral trelagliptin switched from once-daily dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An open-label, phase 3 exploratory study.

Introduction: Trelagliptin, a novel once-weekly oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has shown favorable efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Trelagliptin was launched in Japan, and is expected to be initially used for switchover from a daily DPP-4 inhibitor in the clinical setting. Thus, the present study was carried out to explore the efficacy and safety of trelagliptin after a daily DPP-4 inhibitor was switched to it.

Assessment of agreement among diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia for scoring the recovery of horses from anesthesia by use of subjective grading scales and development of a system for evaluation of the recovery of horses from anesthesia by use of accelerometry.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate agreement among diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia for scores determined by use of a simple descriptive scale (SDS) or a composite grading scale (CGS) for quality of recovery of horses from anesthesia and to investigate use of 3-axis accelerometry (3AA) for objective evaluation of recovery. ANIMALS 12 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES Horses were fitted with a 3AA device and then were anesthetized.

A Pediatric Case of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome With Similar Radiographic Findings to Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome.

Background: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome occurs predominantly in middle-aged women. Only nine pediatric patients with this syndrome have been reported.

Patient Description: We present a ten-year-old boy with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome with radiographic findings similar to those of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).