Enhanced anti-inflammatory effect of fish myofibrillar protein by introducing pectin oligosaccharide and its molecular mechanisms.

This study investigated the efficacy of glycation with edible uronic acid-containing oligosaccharides via the Maillard reaction to enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of fish myofibrillar protein (Mf). Lyophilized Mf was reacted with pectin oligosaccharide (PO, half of the total protein weight) at 60 °C and 35 % relative humidity for up to 12 h to produce glycated Mf (Mf-PO). After pepsin and trypsin digestion, the anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by measuring the secretions of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.

Maillard-type glycated collagen with alginate oligosaccharide suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress by attenuating the expression of LPS receptors and in macrophages.

Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), with macrophages playing pivotal roles. Glycated collagen through Maillard-type glycation holds promise for enhancing anti-inflammatory properties, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the cellular mechanism and aims to contribute to expanding collagen utilization.

Impact of backslopping in TERASI manufacture, as an improving method to reduce shrimp allergenicity.

The backslopping method was applied to the manufacture of Terasi (fermented shrimp paste) as countermeasures against the technical issue depending on the raw material, and its contribution to reduction of the potential allergenicity of Terasi was examined. Three kinds of starters, the low allergenic Indonesian commercial Terasi (CT), Akiami (Acetes japonicus) Terasi produced in laboratory scale (AT) and heated AT (HAT) were added to the manufacturing process of the Isazaami (Neomysis awatchensis) Terasi which contained tropomyosin (TM) with high IgE-binding ability. Addition of the starter effectively promoting the degradation of the shrimp protein and the reduction of the IgE-binding ability of TM.

Water-soluble protein from walleye pollock () suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by attenuating TLR4-MyD88 expression in macrophages.

Water-soluble protein (WSP) from fish meat is abundant in the waste effluent generated via the surimi manufacturing process. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of fish WSP using primary macrophages (MΦ) and animal ingestion. MΦ were treated with digested-WSP (d-WSP, 500 µg/mL) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation.

Glycation with uronic acid-type reducing sugar enhances the anti-inflammatory activity of fish myofibrillar protein via the Maillard reaction.

The role of carboxyl group in uronic acid in enhancing the anti-inflammatory activity of fish myofibrillar protein (Mf) was investigated, when lyophilized Mf was reacted with various reducing sugars at 60 °C and 35% relative humidity through the Maillard reaction. After pepsin and trypsin digestion, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring the secretions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage.

Variation in shrimp tropomyosin allergenicity during the production of Terasi, an Indonesian fermented shrimp paste.

Terasi is a fermented shrimp paste in Indonesia. We examined the effect of the Terasi manufacturing process on the abundance of the allergen tropomyosin (TM) and its IgG/IgE-binding ability. Terasi was produced from three shrimps, Akiami (Acetes japonicus), Okiami (Euphausia pacifica), and Isazaami (Neomysis awatchensis).

Comparison of Maillard-Type Glycated Collagen with Alginate Oligosaccharide and Glucose: Its Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytoprotective Activity on HO-Induced Cell Oxidative Damage.

To improve the antioxidant activity of collagen molecules using Maillard-type glycation, the relation between antioxidant activity and progress indexes for the Maillard reaction must be understood. In this study, lyophilized tilapia scale collagen was mixed with a half weight of alginate oligosaccharide (AO) or glucose and incubated at 60 °C and 35% relative humidity for up to 18 h to produce the Maillard-type glycated collagen (C-AO and C-Glu, respectively). As glycation progressed, the amount of conjugated sugar coupled with UV-vis absorbance at 294 nm and 420 nm increased more rapidly in C-Glu than in C-AO, and the available lysine decreased rapidly in C-Glu compared with C-AO.

Glucose-conjugated chicken myofibrillar proteins derived from random-centroid optimization present potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity.

The optimal conditions for the preparation of glucose-conjugated chicken myofibrillar proteins (Mfs) the Maillard reaction, presenting strong antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radicals (･OH) and high solubility in low ionic strength medium, were sought using random-centroid optimization (RCO). Four parameters of temperature, relative humidity (RH), reaction time, and glucose-to-Mfs mixing ratio, were examined, resulting in a total of 24 vertices. Evaluations were carried out relatively to each individual vertex, and the optimal preparatory conditions to obtain the highest antioxidant activity were determined as follows: temperature of 52 °C, RH of 38%, reaction time of 6.

Digestibility in the gastrointestinal tract and migration to blood of β'-component (Onk k 5), a major salmon roe IgE-binding protein.

The major allergen of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) roe is the β'-component (Onc k 5, β'-c), which is a yolk protein and a fragment of vitellogenin. When yolk content containing β'-c was orally administered to mice, β'-c passed through the gastrointestinal tract and was excreted in feces without marked degradation. The direct administration of β'-c to ligated jejunal and ileal loops showed that β'-c was absorbed through the small intestine and transferred into the blood.

Anti-obesity effects of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides from the skate Raja pulchra.

We aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of chondroitin sulfate (CS) oligosaccharides obtained from cartilage of the skate Raja pulchra and to compare them with those of CSs of other molecular weights (MWts) (skate CS polysaccharides) and origins (shark CS, bovine CS). CSs suppressed pancreatic lipase activity as well as proliferation and lipid accumulation in mature adipocytes. Higher MWt CS had a greater lipase inhibitory activity than lower MWt CS.

Anti-inflammatory effects of dulse (Palmaria palmata) resulting from the simultaneous water-extraction of phycobiliproteins and chlorophyll a.

The use of dulse (Palmaria palmata) as a source of edible anti-inflammatory products was evaluated in this study. Phycobiliproteins and chlorophyll a were simultaneously extracted from lyophilized dulse leaves via water-extraction, and subjected to thermolysin digestion to produce thermolysin-digested water-extract (d-DWE). d-DWE significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and nitric oxide in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages (RAW 264.

In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of digested peptides derived from salmon myofibrillar protein conjugated with a small quantity of alginate oligosaccharide.

Salmon myofibrillar protein (Mf) was investigated as a source of edible anti-inflammatory products. Peptides produced by stepwise digestion of Mf (without carbohydrate) with pepsin and trypsin had little effect on the secretion of inflammation-related compounds from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for detecting β'-component (Onk k 5), a major IgE-binding protein in salmon roe.

A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system has been established for selective detection of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) yolk protein (SYP). Rabbit and rat polyclonal Immunoglobulin G antibodies to β'-component (the major allergic protein in fish roe; anti-β) were applied for designing the ELISA system. The sandwich ELISA using rabbit anti-β for the capture antibody and horseradish peroxidase-labeled F(ab')2 fragment of rat anti-β for the detection antibody obtained high sensitivity and narrow specificity for SYP.

Molecular and immunological characterization of β'-component (Onc k 5), a major IgE-binding protein in chum salmon roe.

Salmon roe has a high allergic potency and often causes anaphylaxis in Japan. The major allergic protein of salmon roe is β'-component, which is a 35kDa vitellogenin fragment consisting of two subunits. To elucidate structural information and immunological characteristics, β'-component and the subunit components were purified from chum salmon (Onchorhincus keta) roe and vitellogenin-encoding mRNA was used to prepare β'-component subunit-encoding cDNA.

[A case of liver metastasis from gastric cancer responding completely to S-1/docetaxel chemotherapy].

A 68-year-old man was introduced to our hospital with right lower abdominal pain. Endoscopic examination and abdominal CT revealed gastric cancer with liver metastasis. We started chemotherapy using S-1(120 mg/body/day), orally administered for 2 weeks followed by a 2-week rest period, and docetaxel(35 mg/m(2)), administered intravenously on day 1 and 15 as 1 course.

Transcriptome analysis of the duodenum, pancreas, liver, and muscle from diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats fed a trypsin inhibitor derived from squid viscera.

Trypsin inhibitors (TIs) have various nutritional effects. However, a detailed mechanism for their effects, especially on the gene expression patterns in various tissues, remains unknown. Here, we used transcriptome techniques and gene ontology (GO) analysis to examine the effects of squid TI (sqTI), a biochemically stable peptide, on diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats after feeding for 10 weeks.

Immunomodulatory Properties of Highly Viscous Polysaccharide Extract from the Gagome Alga (Kjellmaniella crassifolia).

Marine brown algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, which have the ability to form gels and viscous solution. Sulfated polysaccharides exhibit many biological activities; however, little is known whether the viscoelastic property in the polysaccharide extract is correlated with biological activities. We examined the immunomodulatory properties of highly viscous polysaccharide extract (HVPE) from Gagome Kjellmaniella crassifolia in a murine model, and the effects were compared with those of a less viscous polysaccharide extract (LVPE).

Transcriptome analysis of the duodenum in Wistar rats fed a trypsin inhibitor derived from squid viscera.

To investigate the effects of oral administration of a trypsin inhibitor (TI), normal Wistar rats were fed a TI derived from squid (Todarodes pacificus) for 10 weeks and gene expression profiles in the duodenum, pancreas, liver, and muscle were then analyzed using DNA microarrays. Although no significant changes could be observed in growth, food intake, tissue weight, or blood tests among the tissues tested, the duodenum showed the most remarkable changes in the global gene expression profile. Significant up-regulation of mRNAs encoding gastrin, gastrokine, cholecystokinin and somatostatin in the duodenum was validated by qPCR analysis.

Antioxidative ability of chicken myofibrillar protein developed by glycosylation and changes in the solubility and thermal stability.

Myofibrillar protein prepared from chicken breast muscle was incubated with several concentrations of glucose or maltose for 6 h at 60 °C and 35% relative humidity in order to obtain glycosylated chicken protein. When the ratio of the weights of the myofibrillar protein and glucose or maltose had respectively reached 1:6 or 1:3-5, the solubility of each type of glycosylated chicken protein in a 0.1 M NaCl solution was exceeded by about 60%, although the myofibrillar protein was insoluble in a low ionic strength solution.

Purification and characteristics of trypsin from masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) cultured in fresh-water.

Trypsin from the pyloric ceca of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) cultured in fresh water was purified by a series of chromatographies including Sephacryl S-200, Sephadex G-50 and diethylaminoethyl cellulose to obtain a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and native PAGE. The molecular mass of the purified trypsin was estimated to be approximately 24,000 Da by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, soybean trypsin inhibitor, and N ( alpha )-p-tosyl-L: -lysine chloromethyl ketone.

Major allergen and its IgE cross-reactivity among salmonid fish roe allergy.

Yolk protein extracts were prepared from four kinds of salmonid fish roes, and the proteins that reacted with IgE were screened by immunoblotting using sera from 20 patients allergic to chum salmon roe. IgE cross-reactivities among the salmonid yolk proteins were also investigated by competitive ELISA. The results were as follows: (1) The major protein components in salmonid roes were lipovitellin and beta'-component, which are subfragments of vitellogenin.

Changes in allergenicity and digestibility of squid tropomyosin during the Maillard reaction with ribose.

The effect of the Maillard reaction on the allergenicity of squid tropomyosin (TM) was investigated. When TM was reacted with ribose (TM-ribose), its human-specific IgE-binding ability decreased markedly and alpha-chymotryptic digestibility of TM was also altered at the early stage of the Maillard reaction. On the other hand, the modification of the lysine residues in TM using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid had no effect on the allergenicity and alpha-chymotryptic digestibility of TM.

Trypsins from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) spleen: purification and characterization.

Two anionic trypsins (A and B) were purified to homogeneity from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) spleen by a series of column chromatographies including Sephacryl S-200, Sephadex G-50 and DEAE-cellulose. Purity was increased to 70.6- and 91.

Effect of maillard reaction on allergenicity of scallop tropomyosin.

Scallop tropomyosin (TM), the major allergen of shellfish, was prepared from adductor muscles and reacted with four reducing sugars to investigate the effect of the Maillard reaction on the allergenicity of TM. The IgE-binding ability of TM increased significantly with the progress of the reaction with glucose, ribose, and maltose, but not with maltotriose. The allergenicity was enhanced at the early stage of the Maillard reaction, and the trend of the effect depended on the type of reducing sugar used.