Mito-kaede photoactivation and chase experiment for mitophagy: optimizing flux measurement via fluid exchange system.

Modulating autophagy and mitophagy, vital cellular quality control systems, offer therapeutic potential for critical illnesses. However, limited drug screening options hinder progress. We present a novel assay using the photoswitchable fluorescent reporter, mito-Kaede, to quantify mitophagy flux.

Morphine induces inflammatory responses via both TLR4 and cGAS-STING signaling pathways.

Background: Opioid activation of the microglia or macrophage Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and associated inflammatory cytokine release are implicated in opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway, activated by double-stranded DNA including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), has emerged as another key mediator of inflammatory responses. This study tested the hypothesis that morphine induces immune inflammatory responses in microglia and macrophages involving TLR4 and cGAS-STING pathway.

The Impact of Nociception Monitor-Guided Multimodal General Anesthesia on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bowel Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Excess surgical stress responses, caused by heightened nociception, can lead to elevated levels of postoperative inflammation, resulting in an increased incidence of complications after surgery. We hypothesized that utilizing nociception monitor-guided multimodal general anesthesia would exert effects on postoperative outcomes (e.g.

Association between averaged intraoperative nociceptive response index and postoperative complications after lung resection surgery.

Objectives: Since postoperative complications, defined as Clavien-Dindo grade ≥II, correlate with long-term survival after lung resection surgery in patients with primary lung cancer, identification of intraoperative risk factors for postoperative complications is crucial for better perioperative management. In the present study, we investigated the possible association between intraoperative variables for use in anaesthetic management and Clavien-Dindo grade ≥II.

Methods: In this multi-institutional observational study, consecutive adult patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery for primary lung cancer under general anaesthesia from March 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled.

Association between thoracic epidural block and major complications after pleurectomy/decortication for malignant pleural mesothelioma under general anesthesia.

Introduction: A curative-intent surgical procedure, pleurectomy/decortication, for malignant pleural mesothelioma is accompanied by a high incidence of major postoperative complications. Although epidural block, which suppresses nociception during and after surgery, reportedly has both benefits and disadvantages in terms of outcomes after thoracic surgery for other diseases, the effects of epidural block on major complications after pleurectomy/decortication have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between epidural block and major postoperative complications following pleurectomy/decortication.

Quantitative evaluation of the effects of interscalene block on physiological responses to the balance between nociception and anti-nociception among inpatients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty under general anesthesia.

Although the suppression of physiological responses to the balance between nociception caused by surgical trauma and anti-nociception due to anesthesia during total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is relevant for better perioperative managements, quantitative evaluations of the effects of ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) on physiological responses have not been performed. Physiological responses were assessed using the nociceptive response (NR) index. In this multi-institutional observational study, associations between ISB and NR values were examined among inpatients undergoing TSA under general anesthesia between March 2019 and January 2021.

Intra-operative nociceptive responses and postoperative major complications after gastrointestinal surgery under general anaesthesia: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Surgical procedures stimulate nociception and induce physiological responses according to the balance between nociception and antinociception. The severity of surgical stimuli is associated with major postoperative complications. Although an intra-operative quantitative index representing surgical invasiveness would be useful for anaesthetic management to predict and prevent major complications, no such index is available.

Association between intraoperative nociception and surgical invasiveness in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia: a retrospective cohort study.

There are several indexes of intraoperative nociception during surgery under general anesthesia. Although a higher degree of surgical invasiveness increases intraoperative nociception, an association between the index of intraoperative nociception and severity of surgical invasiveness has not been reported. We hypothesized that there is associations between averaged values of nociceptive response (NR) throughout surgery (mean NR), as the index of intraoperative nociception, and surgical severity codes in the Surgical outcome risk tool (SORT) or procedure risk codes in the Surgical mortality probability model (S-MPM).

Association between intraoperative nociception and postoperative complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery.

A higher degree of surgical invasiveness, which increases intraoperative nociception, might induce postoperative complications. Although several nociceptive indices for use during surgery are available in clinical practice, association between intraoperative nociception and postoperative complications has not been reported. An index representing intraoperative nociception, which is the averaged value of Nociceptive Response throughout the surgery (mean NR) was applied to examine the association in the present study.

Effects of Thoracic Paravertebral Block on Nociceptive Levels After Skin Incision During Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery.

BACKGROUND Regional anesthesia provides excellent analgesic effects after surgery. However, the effects of regional anesthesia on nociceptive levels during surgery under general anesthesia have not been quantitatively evaluated. To reveal the effects of thoracic paravertebral block (PVB) on nociceptive levels after skin incision during general anesthesia, we performed a retrospective cohort study in patients without serious preoperative conditions or comorbidities undergoing elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).

Diffusion coefficients for nanoparticles under flow and stop-flow conditions.

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a well-known technique for measuring the size of nanoparticles from the diffusion coefficient. We developed a new DLS technique with high sensitivity and used it as a detection tool in microchemical applications. We found a step-like downward change in the diffusion coefficient of nanoparticles just by starting a slight flow in the fluid channel.