Coexistence Demonstration and Wavelength Dependency Analysis of S-Band CV-QKD Signal with Fully Loaded C+L-Band DWDM Signals.

We demonstrated the coexistence of an S-band CV-QKD signal with fully loaded C+L-band classical signals for the first time. The secret key rate of the S-band QKD system was 986 kbps with the C+L-band WDM signals transmitted through a 20 km G.654.

Real-time 400 Gbps/carrier WDM transmission over 2,000 km of field-installed G.654.E fiber.

We combine erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and backward distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) to achieve the real-time wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission of 400 Gbps/carrier polarization division multiplexing (PDM) 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals over 2,000 km of terrestrial field-deployed cut-off shifted fiber (CSF) compliant with ITU-T G.654.E.

Proposal and experimental demonstration of SDM node enabling path assignment to arbitrary wavelengths, cores, and directions.

We propose a novel simple space division multiplexing (SDM) node which is rearrangeble nonblocking, and effectively utilizes enhanced network resources through SDM. The proposed node can reduce a number of ports of wavelength selective switches (WSSs) and a number of WSS modules by modifying conventional multi-stage switches and employing integrated multiple arrayed WSSs. We experimentally actualized the newly proposed node, and demonstrate wavelength, core, and direction switching functions based on 127-Gbps Dual Polarization Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DP-QPSK) signals.

Tumor endothelial cell-specific drug delivery system using apelin-conjugated liposomes.

Background: A drug delivery system specifically targeting endothelial cells (ECs) in tumors is required to prevent normal blood vessels from being damaged by angiogenesis inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether apelin, a ligand for APJ expressed in ECs when angiogenesis is taking place, can be used for targeting drug delivery to ECs in tumors.

Methods And Results: Uptake of apelin via APJ stably expressed in NIH-3T3 cells was investigated using TAMRA (fluorescent probe)-conjugated apelin.

Changes in blood vessel maturation in the fibrous cap of the tumor rim.

It is widely accepted that blood vessels in the tumor microenvironment are immature because mural cell (MC) adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) is broadly lacking. Hyperpermeability of the tumor vasculature then results in interstitial hypertension that mitigates against penetration of anticancer drugs into the depths of the tumor. It has been suggested that treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors normalizes blood vessels, resulting in restoration of normal permeability and improved drug delivery.