Pretreatment tumor-related leukocytosis misleads positron emission tomography-computed tomography during lymph node staging in gynecological malignancies.

The accuracy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) can be influenced by the increased glycolytic activity of inflammatory lesions. Here, using clinical data obtained from gynecological cancer patients, tumor samples and animal models, we investigate the impact of pretreatment tumor-related leukocytosis (TRL) on the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in detecting pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastasis. We demonstrate that pretreatment TRL misleads 18F-FDG-PET/CT during lymph node staging in gynecological malignancies.

Astrocyte metabolism in multiple sclerosis investigated by 1-C-11 acetate PET.

This study was aimed at evaluating the metabolism of reactive astrocytes in the brains of patients with multiple sclerosis by quantitative 1-C-11 acetate positron emission tomography (PET). Magnetic resonance imaging and 1-C-11 quantitative PET were performed in eight patients with multiple sclerosis and 10 normal control subjects. The efflux rate (k2) of 1-C-11 acetate, which reportedly reflects the metabolic rate of 1-C-11 acetate, was calculated based on the one-tissue compartmental model.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings Differentiating Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma from Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Head and Neck Region.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in differentiating between cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (cBCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in the head and neck region.

Materials And Methods: Among patients with cutaneous head and neck cancers, 14 with primary cBCCs and 15 with primary cSCCs with a histologic tumor height of ≥ 4 mm underwent MR examinations; the findings were then examined for correlations.

Results: cBCCs (71%) occurred more frequently on the nose than cSCCs (13%) ( < 0.

The importance of FDG-PET/CT parameters for the assessment of the immune status in advanced HNSCC.

Objective: Cancer cells secrete large amounts of lactic acid via aerobic glycolysis. We have shown that lactic acid plays an important role as a proinflammatory and immunosuppressive mediator and promotes tumor progression. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake detected by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is considered as a good indicator of aerobic glycolysis in cancer.

Comparison of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity when using conventional versus short hydration in gastric cancer-a retrospective study.

Although a short hydration protocol for cisplatin has been recently developed for use in lung cancer, this has yet to be established for gastric cancer. This study reviewed medical records of patients with gastric cancer who received XPT(capecitabine/cisplatin/trastuzumab) therapy containing cisplatin. Patients received either the conventional or short hydration regimen.

MR findings for differentiating decidualized endometriomas from seromucinous borderline tumors of the ovary.

Purpose: Decidualized endometriomas (DEs) and seromucinous borderline tumors (SMBTs) exhibit similar MR findings including markedly hyperintense mural nodules within endometriotic cysts on T2-weighted images. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of MR imaging for differentiating between DEs and SMBTs of the ovary.

Materials And Methods: MR images of 8 DEs and 14 SMBTs were retrospectively assessed and compared according to pathologies.

Visualization of AMPA receptors in living human brain with positron emission tomography.

Although aberrations in the number and function of glutamate AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid) receptors are thought to underlie neuropsychiatric disorders, no methods are currently available for visualizing AMPA receptors in the living human brain. Here we developed a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for AMPA receptors. A derivative of 4-[2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio]-2,6-difluoro-phenoxyacetamide radiolabeled with C ([C]K-2) showed specific binding to AMPA receptors.

Effect of hydrogel stiffness on morphology and gene expression pattern of CD44 oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

The stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM) has been associated with tumor growth, phenotypic plasticity, and invasion through modulation of the intracellular signaling pathway. However, the effect of ECM stiffness on oral cancer stem cells (CSCs) has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we preliminarily investigated changes in phenotype and gene expression in CD44 positive-oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells (i.

Priming Phosphorylation of TANK-Binding Kinase 1 by IκB Kinase β Is Essential in Toll-Like Receptor 3/4 Signaling.

TRIF is an essential adaptor for Toll-like receptor 3/4 (TLR3/4) signaling to activate transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3). We examined the molecular mechanism of TLR3 signaling and found that TLR3 stimulation by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces phosphorylation of TRIF at Ser210 and is required for IRF-3 recruitment. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is known to be responsible for IRF-3 phosphorylation and activation.

Ferroptosis is controlled by the coordinated transcriptional regulation of glutathione and labile iron metabolism by the transcription factor BACH1.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent programmed cell death event, whose regulation and physiological significance remain to be elucidated. Analyzing transcriptional responses of mouse embryonic fibroblasts exposed to the ferroptosis inducer erastin, here we found that a set of genes related to oxidative stress protection is induced upon ferroptosis. We considered that up-regulation of these genes attenuates ferroptosis induction and found that the transcription factor BTB domain and CNC homolog 1 (BACH1), a regulator in heme and iron metabolism, promotes ferroptosis by repressing the transcription of a subset of the erastin-induced protective genes.

[Coil Embolization for an Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery Aneurysm with Kommerell's Diverticulum;Report of a Case].

A 67-year-old woman encountered a traffic accident and had chest computed tomography(CT) examination. It revealed a 24 mm Kommerell's diverticulum associated with a right-sided aortic arch and a 15 mm saccular aneurysm of an aberrant left subclavian artery. We performed intra-aneurysmal coil embolization for the left subclavian artery aneurysm after a balloon occlusion test of the left subclavian artery.

To be red or white: lineage commitment and maintenance of the hematopoietic system by the "inner myeloid".

Differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is tightly regulated depending on environmental changes in order to maintain homeostasis. Transcription factors direct the development of hematopoietic cells, such as GATA-1 for erythropoiesis and PU.1 for myelopoiesis.

Novel gain-of-function mutation of associated with accelerated chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells derived from a patient with metatropic dysplasia.

Metatropic dysplasia is a congenital skeletal dysplasia characterized by severe platyspondyly, dumbbell-like deformity of long tubular bones, and progressive kyphoscoliosis with growth. It is caused by mutations in the gene , encoding the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4, which acts as a calcium channel. Many heterozygous single base mutations of this gene have been associated with the disorder, showing autosomal dominant inheritance.

Aneurysm resection interposed with a spiral saphenous vein graft in a patient with a popliteal venous aneurysm with thrombosis.

We describe the case of a 46-year-old man with pulmonary thromboembolism caused by a popliteal venous aneurysm with thrombosis. The aneurysm was fusiform and partially saccular with a thrombus, and the caliber of the native popliteal vein was large. Tangential aneurysmectomy with lateral venorrhaphy was difficult because of the aneurysm type, and graft interposition was required because of the large venous diameter of the anastomosis site.

Identification of a new autoinhibitory domain of interferon-beta promoter stimulator-1 (IPS-1) for the tight regulation of oligomerization-driven signal activation.

Upon viral infection, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors detect viral foreign RNAs and transmit anti-viral signals via direct interaction with the downstream mitochondrial adaptor molecule, interferon (IFN)-β promoter stimulator-1 (IPS-1), to inhibit viral replication. Although IPS-1 is known to form prion-like oligomers on mitochondria to activate signaling, the mechanisms that regulate oligomer formation remain unclear. Here, we identified an autoinhibitory domain (AD) at amino acids 180-349 to suppress oligomerization of IPS-1 in a resting state and regulate activation of downstream signaling.

Broad and systemic immune-modulating capacity of plant-derived dsRNA.

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is well characterized as an inducer of anti-viral interferon responses. We previously reported that dsRNA extracted from a specific edible plant possesses an immune-modulating capacity to confer, in mice, resistance against respiratory viruses, including the H1N1 strain of the influenza A virus (IAV). We report here that the systemic immune-activating capacity of the plant-derived dsRNA protected mice from infection by a highly virulent H5N1 strain of the IAV.

Singleton-Merten Syndrome-like Skeletal Abnormalities in Mice with Constitutively Activated MDA5.

Singleton-Merten syndrome (SMS) is a type I interferonopathy characterized by dental dysplasia, aortic calcification, skeletal abnormalities, glaucoma, and psoriasis. A missense mutation in encoding a cytoplasmic viral RNA sensor MDA5 has recently been identified in the SMS patients as well as in patients with a monogenic form of lupus. We previously reported that mice express a constitutively active MDA5 and spontaneously develop lupus-like nephritis.

CT and MR imaging findings of non-neoplastic cystic lesions of the parotid gland.

A variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the parotid gland can present with a predominantly cystic architecture, and although radiologists frequently encounter cystic parotid tumors, other non-neoplastic lesions should also be included in the differential diagnoses of cystic parotid lesions. Non-neoplastic cystic lesions are usually classified as either congenital/acquired cystic lesions or inflammatory/infectious lesions. Adequate knowledge about these rare conditions is essential for appropriate diagnosis and optimal treatment strategy.

CT and MR imaging findings of solitary nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis: radiological-pathological correlation.

Objective: This study assessed the CT and MRI findings of solitary nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (NLCS).

Materials And Methods: Eleven patients with histopathologically and clinically confirmed solitary NLCS who underwent CT and/or MRI were enrolled. Radiological and histopathological findings of elevated lesions located above the level of the surrounding normal skin surface and coexisting subcutaneous lipoma-like lesions were assessed retrospectively.

CT and MRI features of scalp lesions.

Scalp lesions can be classified as congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, or neoplastic in origin. Although patients presenting with scalp masses are frequently seen in daily practice, differentiation of scalp lesions is often challenging for radiologists who are not familiar with the imaging of cutaneous lesions. The majority of scalp lesions are fortunately benign, with cystic lesions accounting for over 50% of all benign scalp lesions.

[Bach transcription factors regulate hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell differentiation in response to environmental changes].

Differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells should be tightly regulated depending on the environmental changes to maintain homeostasis. For example, erythropoiesis repression and myelopoiesis induction are widely recognized as infectious/inflammatory conditions. Transcription factors are expected to play significant roles in achieving such alterations.

Volumetric and texture analysis on FDG PET in evaluating and predicting treatment response and recurrence after chemotherapy in follicular lymphoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if quantitative SUV-related, volumetric FDG PET parameters, and texture features (SPs, VPs, and TFs, respectively) were useful to evaluate and predict response and recurrence after chemotherapy in follicular lymphoma (FL).

Methods: Pre- and posttreatment FDG PET examinations in 45 FL patients were analyzed retrospectively. In addition to SPs in the representative lesion, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were calculated as VPs for the representative and whole-body lesions.