Detection of Microorganisms Using Artificial Siderophore-Fe Complex-Modified Substrates.

Four Fe complexes of typical artificial siderophore ligands containing catecholate and/or hydroxamate groups of tricatecholate, biscatecholate-monohydroxamate, monocatecholate-bishydroxamate, and trihydroxamate type artificial siderophores (K[], K[], K[], and []) were modified on Au substrate surfaces. Their abilities to adsorb microorganisms were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, quartz crystal microbalance, and AC impedance methods. The artificial siderophore-iron complexes modified on Au substrates (/Au, /Au, /Au, and /Au) showed the selective immobilization behavior for various microorganisms, depending on the structural features of the artificial siderophores (the number of catecholate and hydroxamate arms).

Iron(III) Complexes with Hybrid-Type Artificial Siderophores Containing Catecholate and Hydroxamate Sites.

Two hybrid-type artificial siderophore ligands containing both catecholate and hydroxamate groups as iron-capturing sites, bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzamidepropyl)mono[2-propyl]aminomethane () and mono(2,3-dihydroxybenzamide-propyl)bis[2-propyl]aminomethane (, were designed and synthesized. Iron(III) complexes, K[] and K[], were prepared and characterized spectroscopically, potentiometrically, and electrochemically. The results were compared with those previously reported for iron complexes with non-hybridized siderophores containing either catecholate or hydroxamate groups, K[] and [].

Combination of Gluten-Digesting Enzymes Improved Symptoms of Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Randomized Single-blind, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study.

Introduction: Recently, the population of individuals with non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) who do not have celiac disease but show improved symptoms with a gluten-free diet, has increased. Enzyme replacement therapy using digestive enzymes is expected to improve the symptoms of NCGS and be sustainable, since gluten-related proteins that are indigestible by the digestive system have been considered triggers of NCGS.

Methods: We selected patients with NCGS by screening demographic interviews, as well as performing medical evaluations, anti-gluten antibody tests, and gluten challenge tests.

Angiotensin III as well as angiotensin II regulates water flow through aquaporins in a clam worm.

Angiotensin III has been reported to exist in various animals and tissues. The physiological role, however, is still unclear except that brain angiotensin III is a central regulator of vasopressin release. In this study, angiotensin III as well as angiotensin II enhanced an increase in body weight of clam worms of Perinereis sp.

Angiotensin II and III upregulate body fluid volume of the clam worm Perinereis sp. via angiotensin II receptors in different manners.

Angiotensin III (Ang III) as well as angiotensin II (Ang II) suppressed body weight loss of the clam worm Perinereis sp. under a hyper-osmotic condition, and enhanced body weight gain under a hypo-osmotic condition. Under a drying condition where the water inflow from outside the body was eliminated, Ang II suppressed body weight loss, but Ang III did not.