Dulaglutide-combined basal plus correction insulin therapy contributes to ideal glycemic control in non-critical hospitalized patients.

Aims/introduction: We investigated whether dulaglutide (DU)-combined conventional insulin therapy is beneficial for glycemic control in non-critically ill hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized controlled pilot study. Participants were randomized to either basal-plus (BP) therapy, where basal insulin and corrective doses of regular insulin were administered before meals, or BP + DU therapy, where BP therapy was combined with DU.

Development of an external-to-internal convertible endoscopic biliary drainage device - a preliminary prospective feasibility study.

Background And Study Aims:  Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) for a malignant stricture in the bile duct has some advantages over endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS). However, ENBD may cause nasopharyngeal discomfort. We developed an external-to-internal convertible endoscopic biliary drainage (ETI-EBD) device that enables both internal and external drainage to occur during a single endoscopy.

Luseogliflozin improves liver fat deposition compared to metformin in type 2 diabetes patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective randomized controlled pilot study.

This study aimed to assess the effect of luseogliflozin on liver fat deposition and compare luseogliflozin to metformin in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thirty-two T2D patients with NAFLD diagnosed by computed tomography or abdominal sonography were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either luseogliflozin (2.

Effects of two different glutamine-containing enteral supplements on stool frequency and density in elderly patients recovering from acute critical illness.

Aim: Glutamine has various beneficial functions in the gastrointestinal tract. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of two different glutamine supplements on bowel movement at the start of enteral feeding in elderly inpatients.

Methods: This was a double-blind, prospective, randomized comparison study.

Investigating the Relationship between Morning Glycemic Variability and Patient Characteristics Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective To investigate the relationship between patient characteristics and morning glycemic variability. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 106 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent continuous glucose monitoring during admission. The highest postprandial glucose level (within 3 hours after breakfast; 'highest level'), the time from the start of breakfast to the highest postprandial glucose level ('highest time'), the difference between the pre-breakfast and highest postprandial breakfast glucose level ('increase'), the area under the curve (AUC; ≥180 mg/dL) for the glycemic variability within 3 hours after breakfast ('morning AUC'), and the post-breakfast glucose gradient ('gradient') were calculated.

Major Increases between Pre- and Post-breakfast Glucose Levels May Predict Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether nocturnal hypoglycemia may be predicted according to morning glucose levels. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 106 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent continuous glucose monitoring during admission. The pre-breakfast glucose level (Pre-breakfast level), highest postprandial glucose level within 3 hours after breakfast (Highest level), time from the start of breakfast to the highest postprandial glucose level (Highest time), difference between the pre-breakfast and highest postprandial breakfast glucose levels (Increase), area under the glucose curve (≥180 mg/dL) within 3 hours after breakfast (Morning AUC), post-breakfast glucose gradient (Gradient), and the increase-to-pre-breakfast ratio (Increase/Pre-breakfast) were calculated.

Hypoglycemia and glycemic variability are associated with mortality in non-intensive care unit hospitalized infectious disease patients with diabetes mellitus.

Aims/introduction: We aimed to identify factors - glycemic control, reactive inflammatory biomarkers or vital signs - associated with mortality in diabetic patients admitted to hospital for various infections (non-intensive care unit).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 620 diabetic patients admitted to hospital for various infections (non-intensive care unit) who underwent glucose monitoring >3 times per day. We extracted data regarding reactive inflammatory biomarkers and vital signs recorded on day 1 of hospital stay, and data on bacteremia and hypoglycemia status, glycemic variability (GV; coefficient of variation and standard deviation) and mean glucose concentrations during the entire hospital stay.

Evaluation of safety of insulin degludec on undergoing total colonoscopy using continuous glucose monitoring.

Aims/introduction: There is little information regarding how to use insulin degludec (D) when diabetic patients are preparing for total colonoscopy (TCS).

Materials And Methods: A total of 12 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin D and scheduled to undergo TCS were enrolled in the present study. A continuous glucose monitoring device was attached to each patient for 4 days, from two evenings before TCS to the morning after the procedure.

l-Menthol sprayed on gastric mucosa causes edematous change.

Background And Study Aims: l-Menthol (LM), sprayed on the distal gastric mucosa, is a safe antispasmodic agent used during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). However, it seems to affect gastric mucosal endoscopic findings. Therefore, we evaluated whether LM causes specific changes and impacts the endoscopic morphology of gastric lesions.