The recovery from AP adaptation in sensorineural hearing loss.

Conclusions: An abnormally slower action potential (AP) recovery from adaptation (decreased recovery, dR) was characteristically detected in many ears with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) but not Meniere's disease and idiopathic sudden SNHL. We assumed that this abnormal AP recovery from adaptation was attributed to an imbalance in the distributions of auditory neurons with high and low spontaneous firing rates. The significant difference of initial hearing level between dR and normal AP recovery groups (nR) was assumed to partially result from AP recovery being determined by the inner hair cell synapse, and not from outer hair cells.

Increased blood-brain barrier vulnerability to systemic inflammation in an Alzheimer disease mouse model.

Behavioral and psychological problems are often observed in patients with dementia such as that associated with Alzheimer disease, and these noncognitive symptoms place an extremely heavy burden on the family and caregivers. Although it is well know that these symptoms often are triggered by infection of peripheral organs, the underlying mechanisms for these pathological conditions are still unclear. In this study, using an Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP)-transgenic mouse, we analyzed behavioral changes and brain inflammatory response induced by peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide.

Electrocochleography in Meniere's disease: recovery from adaptation of the auditory action potential.

Conclusions: High prevalence rate of an enhanced summating potential (SP)/action potential (AP) ratio (≥0.35) is considered to result largely from the imbalances of Ca(2+) homeostasis in the endolymphatic space. An increase in Ca(2+) is thought to augment the SP.

Electrocochleographic findings in recurrent idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Conclusion: The main differences in electrocochleography (ECochG) between recurrent and nonrecurrent idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (iSSNHL) were the high prevalence of an abnormally increased action potential (AP) recovery (iR) in nonrecurrent iSSNHL and the very low prevalence of iR in recurrent iSSNHL. An enhanced SP/AP ratio, low AP threshold, low initial hearing level, and up-sloping type of audiogram appear to be favorable prognostic factors in recurrent iSSNHL.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize differences in ECochG findings and other confounding prognostic factors between recurrent and nonrecurrent iSSNHL and to estimate how these findings are related to hearing outcome in recurrent iSSNHL.

Recovery from adaptation of the action potential in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss investigated using a paired-click stimulation paradigm.

Conclusion: We studied the compound action potential (AP) recovery from adaptation (AP recovery) in idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (iSSNHL). Abnormal AP recovery was demonstrated in 15 of 45 patients, consisting of increased recovery (iR) over the normal range in 11 ears and decreased recovery (dR) under the normal range in 4 ears. The mechanisms for occurrence and clinical significance of these phenomena are currently unknown.

A high recovery microsampling device based on a microdialysis probe for peptide sampling.

A high recovery microsampling probe based on microdialysis was devised. The new probe showed a high recovery (100%) of peptides in vitro at different perfusion flow rates (0.1-1.

Clinical significance of the summating potential-action potential ratio and the action potential latency difference for condensation and rarefaction clicks in Meniere's disease.

Objectives: This study was aimed to elucidate the diagnostic significance of the summating potential (SP)-action potential (AP) ratio and the AP latency difference between condensation and rarefaction clicks (AP con-rar difference) in Meniere's disease.

Methods: The AP and SP were recorded transtympanically in 67 patients with definite Meniere's disease. The SP/AP ratio and the AP con-rar difference were assessed in terms of 1) their interrelationship, 2) their relationship to hearing level, and 3) the rate of occurrence of abnormal values according to the stages of Meniere's disease.

Disposition of protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine in rat plasma analysed by a novel protocol for HPLC-ECD.

3-Nitrotyrosine (NTyr) is considered as a biomarker of the generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). However, it is still difficult to determine its concentration in biological samples. To develop a reliable and high-throughput method, we optimized the conditions for high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD).

Recovery of human compound action potential using a paired-click stimulation paradigm.

The recovery process from adaptation of the compound action potential (CAP) was studied using an equilevel paired click stimulation paradigm in humans with normal hearing. The CAP amplitude to the second click of paired clicks was normalized to the amplitude to the first click. The second-click CAP amplitude recovered as a function of interclick interval (ICI) between the first and the second click of a pair.

Abnormalities of the electrogastrogram in globus pharyngeus.

There appear to be multiple indicators for the presence of globus pharyngeus. We have assumed that patients with abnormal gastric motility can be included among those suffering from globus pharyngeus. Gastric motility can be examined non-invasively using the electrogastrogram (EGG).

Quantitative assessment of protein-bound tyrosine nitration in airway secretions from patients with inflammatory airway disease.

Because reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have potent inflammatory activity, they may be involved in the inflammatory process in pulmonary diseases. We recently reported increased numbers of 3-nitrotyrosine immunopositive cells, which are evidences of RNS production, in the sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and patients with asthma compared with healthy subjects. In the present study, we attempted to quantify this protein nitration in the airways by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) used together with an electrochemical detection system that we developed.

Cortical potentials evoked by horizontal rotatory stimulation: the effects of angular acceleration.

Objective: To examine the potentials evoked by rotatory stimulation, which we consider the optimal means of invoking angular acceleration and which may lead to clinical applications in patients with vertigo.

Material And Methods: Horizontal rotatory stimulation using a trapezoidal waveform was performed with 3 different angular accelerations (20, 15 and 10 degrees/s2) used sequentially, with alternating clockwise and counterclockwise stimulation, to normal subjects and a patient with bilateral loss of vestibular function.

Results: It is likely that angular accelerations of < 20 degrees/s2 produce minor somatosensory effects.

Effects of nimodipine on quinine ototoxicity.

The compound action potential (CAP) in response to a click train stimulus was recorded at the round window of guinea pigs. Administration of quinine hydrochloride (200 mg/kg) significantly elevated the CAP thresholds by 5 to 25 dB (p < .05), and the CAP waveform elicited by the click train stimulus was abnormal.

Simultaneous determination of glucose and L-lactate in rat brain by an electrochemical in vivo flow-injection system with an on-line microdialysis sampling.

An electrochemical in vivo flow-injection system with an on-line microdialysis sampling is proposed for the simultaneous monitoring of L-lactate and glucose in rat brain. In the first stage of the operation, the dialysate from the microdialysis probe is delivered to a sample loop of the six-way autoinjector by perfusing Ringer's solution for 80 s at 5 microl min(-1). In the second stage, the dialysate collected in the sample loop is automatically injected for 10 s into the flow-injection line.

Subcutaneous emphysema secondary to tonsillectomy: a case report.

We report a patient in whom subcutaneous emphysema developed shortly after a tonsillectomy. A 55-year-old female with a chronic tonsillitis underwent a tonsillectomy, and about 8 h after surgery complained of swelling to the left side of the face and neck. There was crepitus and local tenderness in the left side of the neck.

A case report of difficult diagnosis in the patient with advanced laryngeal tuberculosis.

We report a patient with severe laryngeal tuberculosis (LTB) involving thyroid cartilage and combined with whole-bone metastasis. A 57-year-old male had presented only with hoarseness. Radiological findings were indicative of suspected metastasis from a malignant tumor.

A case of meningoencephalic herniation of the temporal bone.

A case of cerebrospinal fluid leakage from a meningoencephalic herniation of the temporal bone is presented. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were useful for a diagnosis of meningoencephalic herniation. After surgical treatment, no recurrence was observed during a 6-month follow-up period.

Neurotological findings in a patient with narrow internal auditory canal: a case report.

We report neurotological findings in a patient with unilateral narrow internal auditory canal, as confirmed by computed tomography. The patient presented no auditory brainstem response on the affected side. Vestibular tests including vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) and caloric test revealed normal function of both inferior and superior vestibular neural pathways.

Patency of inferior meatal antrostomy.

Objective: To evaluate the patency and effectiveness of inferior meatal antrostomy for the treatment of maxillary lesions.

Methods: Patients suffering from moderate-to-severe chronic sinusitis who underwent inferior meatal antrostomies at St. Marianna University Toyoko Hospital and followed up for at least 1 year after surgery were selected.

Zinc deficiency and tinnitus.

Objective: To determine if there is a correlation between serum zinc levels and audiometric performance in tinnitus patients.

Methods: Seventy-three patients participated in this study. Patient's age was restricted to 20-59 years.

Changes in CAP adaptation in experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops.

Objective: To determine the effect of experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops (ELHs) on compound action potential (CAP) adaptation.

Methods: The CAP was recorded 1 month after surgical treatment to produce ELH. The CAP threshold in response to click stimuli showed no significant differences between the hydropic and control groups.

Effects of nimodipine on salicylate ototoxicity.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of nimodipine on salicylate ototoxicity in guinea pigs. The compound action potential (CAP) was recorded at the round window, and the cochlear blood flow (CBF) was measured simultaneously from the lateral wall of the basal turn of the cochlea by laser Doppler flowmetry. After administration of salicylate (100 mg/kg), the CAP thresholds were significantly elevated, by 5 to 20 dB (p < .

Postoperative pain in tonsillectomy: comparison of ultrasonic tonsillectomy versus blunt dissection tonsillectomy.

Intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, and postoperative appetite were compared between 15 adult patients who underwent tonsillectomy using an ultrasonically activated scalpel (UT) and 15 adult patients who underwent blunt dissection tonsillectomy with cold steel instruments (BT). The average intraoperative blood loss of the UT group was 4.6 +/- 1.

Determination of nitrotyrosine by HPLC-ECD and its application.

3-nitrotyrosine, a product of tyrosine nitration, is a useful indicator of oxidative damage. We modified the previously reported HPLC-electrochemical detection (ECD) method: specifically, a through-type porous carbon electrode was used as a reducing electrode instead of the mercury-gold amalgam electrode, because the response of the latter changes over time. A combination of reverse-phase HPLC and electrochemical detector passed through -800 mV reduction potential and subsequently under +250 mV oxidation potential allows measurement of 3-nitrotyrosine.