Poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) improves the thromboresistance of FRED flow diverters: a thrombogenic evaluation of flow diverters with human blood under flow conditions.

Background: Surface modification of flow-diverting stents has been explored to reduce thrombus-related complications that may arise under clinical use. This study investigated the thromboresistant properties of the flow redirection endoluminal device (FRED) X, a flow diverter treated with a copolymer of poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA; X Technology).

Methods: The performance of FRED, FRED X, and Pipeline Flex with Shield Technology (sPED) was evaluated in an in vitro blood loop model.

Supramolecular J-aggregate assembly of a covalently linked zinc porphyrin--beta-cyclodextrin conjugate in a water/ethanol binary mixture.

The aggregation behavior of the zinc porphyrin-beta-CD conjugate in a water/ethanol binary mixed solution was investigated. The spectroscopic data and the atomic force microscopy (AFM) image strongly suggest that a part of a Zn porphyrin is included in the beta-CD nanocavity of another ZnP-beta-CD conjugate at certain concentrations, leading to the formation of Zn porphyrin J-aggregates.