Correction: Frequency of hemorrhage after tooth extraction in patients treated with a direct oral anticoagulant: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Frequency of hemorrhage after tooth extraction in patients treated with a direct oral anticoagulant: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Objective: Few studies have compared the frequency of hemorrhages after tooth extraction between patients taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and those taking warfarin or no anticoagulants. Further, the effects of the timing of DOAC administration and tooth extraction on the frequency of post-extraction hemorrhage have not been demonstrated. Therefore, we compared the frequency of post-extraction hemorrhages in patients in these different conditions and examined the effects of the timing of DOAC administration and tooth extraction on the frequency.

[Consideration of Lens of the Eye Protection during Mammography with the Eyelid and the Face Guard].

Purpose: In 2011, the International Commissionon Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended reducing the threshold dose for the lens. Therefore, it is important to reduce the lens exposure dose in medical exposures. In a cranio-caudal (CC) view of mammography, the patient' s lens receives scattered radiation.

Longitudinal effects of a nationwide lifestyle intervention program on cardiometabolic outcomes in Japan: An observational cohort study.

The Japanese government launched a nationwide health screening and lifestyle intervention program in 2008 to prevent and reduce metabolic syndrome in at-risk individuals. This study examined the longitudinal effects of the program's lifestyle interventions on metabolic outcomes using health insurance data from one prefecture. The study population comprised 16,317 individuals aged 40-74 years who met the recommendation criteria for the interventions between 2009 and 2015.

Prevalence of and risk factors for adverse events in Alzheimer's patients receiving anti-dementia drugs in at-home care.

Objective: The objective of this study was to clarify the types and prevalence of, and the risk factors for, the adverse events that occur in patients receiving anti-dementia drugs.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted. The respondents were pharmacists who were dispensing anti-dementia drugs.

A multicenter survey of temporal changes in chemotherapy-induced hair loss in breast cancer patients.

Purpose: Many breast cancer patients suffer from chemotherapy-induced hair loss. Accurate information about temporal changes in chemotherapy-induced hair loss is important for supporting patients scheduled to receive chemotherapy, because it helps them to prepare. However, accurate information, on issues such as the frequency of hair loss after chemotherapy, when regrowth starts, the condition of regrown hair, and the frequency of incomplete hair regrowth, is lacking.

Effect of medication adherence on disease activity among Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

For the optimum efficacy of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), patients need to be adherent to their medication regimen. To clarify the effects of medication adherence on disease activity in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we conducted a cohort study in patients with various stages of RA. Patients were enrolled from the Kyoto University RA Management Alliance cohort, and followed up prospectively for 12 months.

Displacement of the hyoid bone by muscle paralysis and lung volume increase: the effects of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: Animal studies suggest a pivotal role of the hyoid bone in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We aimed to explore the role of the hyoid bone in humans by testing the hypotheses that muscle paralysis and lung volume (LV) changes displace the hyoid bone position particularly in people with obesity and/or OSA.

Methods: Fifty patients undergoing general anesthesia participated in this study (20 participants with nonobese, non-OSA; 8 people with nonobese OSA; and 22 people with obese OSA).

Identification and prevalence of adverse drug events caused by potentially inappropriate medication in homebound elderly patients: a retrospective study using a nationwide survey in Japan.

Objectives: A nationwide large-scale survey was conducted to identify the prevalence and causal medications of adverse drug events (ADEs) that are caused by potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) given to homebound elderly patients, factors associated with ADEs, and measures taken by pharmacists to manage ADEs and their effects on ADEs.

Settings: A questionnaire was mailed to 3321 pharmacies nationwide. It asked about the details of PIMs and ADEs of up to 5 patients for whom home visits were provided by a pharmacist.

Prevalence, Potential Predictors, and Genotype-Specific Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection among Sexually Active Students in Japan.

Background And Methods: We conducted a community-based study to evaluate genotype-specific prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and potential predictors of its presence in young, asymptomatic, female college students. Self-administered surveys and vaginal swabs for self collection were distributed to students of participating schools. A sufficient cellular component in cervical samples was verified by examining for the presence of human β-globin DNA by PCR.

[Nationwide study on relations between workload and outcomes of home visiting service by community pharmacists].

A nationwide survey was conducted to verify relations between the workload of home-visiting service by community pharmacists and outcomes. Data were collected on 5447 patients from 1890 pharmacies. Most (61.

Evaluation of postextraction bleeding incidence to compare patients receiving and not receiving warfarin therapy: a cross-sectional, multicentre, observational study.

Objectives: We investigated incidence and risk factors for postextraction bleeding in patients receiving warfarin and those not receiving anticoagulation therapy.

Design: Cross-sectional, multicentre, observational study.

Setting: 26 hospitals where an oral surgeon is available.

Practical use of cancer control promoters in municipalities in Japan.

The Cancer Control Act in Japan became effective in 2006. In Ibaraki, Toyama, and Hyogo prefectures, the Cancer Control Promoter (CCP) plan was created to strengthen partnerships for cancer prevention. This study aimed to examine the curre nt status of CCP utilization and analyze relationships with intersectoral collaboration, both within the government and with outside partners.

Inter-rater reliability of self-reported response on foreskin status in questionnaire among Japanese adult men.

Objectives: To determine whether foreskin status is a measurable marker for evaluating the effect of the foreskin on sexually transmitted infections.

Methods: Inter-rater comparison of the responses on foreskin status and circumcision in a self-report questionnaire with the findings of a physical examination by an experienced well-trained urologist was performed for patients who visited a healthcare facility in Kanagawa, Japan. Foreskin status was defined using a five-point graphical scale based on the degree to which the foreskin covers the foreskin and the glans penis in a non-erectile condition: type 1, a fully exposed glans penis; types 2-4, the glans penis partly covered by the foreskin and type 5, phimosis.

Relationship between hyposalivation and acute respiratory infection in dental outpatients.

Background: Hyposalivation may affect respiratory disease because the mouth serves as the entrance to the respiratory apparatus, as well as to the digestive tract. Patients with acute respiratory infection generally have a favorable prognosis and a short natural course. However, in cases in which the host has lowered resistance, such as in elderly patients, the infection may develop into pneumonia.

Association between lifestyle habits and bone mineral density in Japanese juveniles.

Objectives: We explored the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and lifestyle in juveniles to identify factors leading to higher peak bone mass and prevention of osteoporosis in later life.

Methods: Juveniles (1,364 students: 770 boys and 594 girls, aged 6-18 years) attending school in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan, were asked to complete a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire for 10-year-olds (BDHQ10y) providing information about personal history, lifestyle, and intake of nutritional elements. In addition, BMD and grip strength were measured.

[Perspective for molecular epidemiologic cohort study of lifestyle-related disease].

The 80th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Hygiene was held this year in Sendai. The authors hosted a symposium entitled "Perspective for molecular epidemiologic cohort study of lifestyle-related disease," at which four guests served as panelists. Through the courtesy of Editor-in-Chief Dr.

Population-based study of asymptomatic infection with Chlamydia trachomatis among female and male students.

There are few epidemiological studies of asymptomatic chlamydial infection among students in non-medical settings with minimal bias and improved accuracy; thus, useful data from screening among students are limited. We aimed to obtain accurate epidemiological information about asymptomatic chlamydial infection among students in non-medical settings. A population-based cross-sectional survey of 10,440 >or=18-year-old asymptomatic students who volunteered for a urine screening test for chlamydia was conducted.

Potentially inappropriate medication use in elderly Japanese patients.

Background: Modified Beers criteria for elderly Japanese patients were developed in 2008 by consensus among 9 experts to reflect regional clinical practice and available medications in Japan. Since then, many physicians and pharmacists have expressed interest in obtaining more information about the criteria and alternative drug choices.

Objective: This study examined the incidence, health care utilization, and costs associated with potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in elderly patients based on the modified Beers criteria.

Multilevel analysis of solar radiation and cancer mortality using ecological data in Japan.

A preventive effect of solar radiation on cancer has been suspected. This study aimed to compare the statistical relationship between solar radiation and cancer mortality according to hierarchical models and adjustment for confounding factors, and then to demonstrate the relationship with main site-specific cancer mortalities in Japan. We examined the relationship between all-site and main site-specific cancer mortalities and global solar radiation using Poisson regression with municipal data around 2000.

Genetic polymorphisms of 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 and the risk of hypospadias.

Introduction: Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly caused by incomplete fusion of urethral folds. Development of the urethra and external genital system in the male fetus is an androgen-dependent process. In this regard, enzymes 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17 β HSD3, encoded by HSD17B3) and steroid 5 α-reductase type 2 (encoded by SRD5A2) play crucial roles.

In-depth descriptive analysis of trends in prevalence of long-term care in Japan.

Background: Long-term care (LTC) insurance was introduced in Japan in 2000. Herein, we describe the trends in demand for LTC, using age-standardized and level-specific rates of entitlement and utilization of LTC at national and prefectural levels.

Methods: We analyzed LTC data from 2002-2005 to examine: (i) the influence of population aging, calculating crude and age-standardized entitlement and utilization rates; (ii) the relation between baseline entitlement rate and increase in the rate over this 3-year period; and (iii) differences in increases in entitlement rate between low and high care levels.

BCG immunization age in urban and rural areas of Akita Prefecture, Japan.

BCG immunization, utilizing whole-body coordination, is a highly cost-effective means of health intervention for preventing miliary tuberculosis (TB) and TB meningitis. In this study, we investigated the appropriate age by which a child should have completed his or her BCG immunization and discuss the current BCG immunization rate in Akita Prefecture, Japan. BCG immunization rates in urban and rural areas were 90.

Health-related quality of life and beneficiaries of long-term care insurance in Japan.

Objectives: A long-term care insurance (LTCI) system was introduced in 2000 in Japan. The clarification of information on the users and the ways in which services under this system have been utilized is essential for improving the system operation. This study was conducted for the purpose of clarifying what level of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was achieved by individuals using the services under the LTCI system.

Are health inequalities increasing in Japan? The trends of 1955 to 2000.

This study aimed to elucidate trends in socioeconomic inequalities in health during the past half century in Japan. Association of life expectancy and age-adjusted mortality with per capita income was examined using data on prefectures and municipalities in Japan of 1955 to 2000 via the slope index of inequality (SII) and Poisson regression. Although there were a few differences among health indicators and sex, health inequalities by prefecture, measured by the SII, decreased from 1955 to 1995.