The onset risk of carcinoma in patients continuing tacrolimus topical treatment for oral lichen planus: a case report.

Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease. Topical use of steroids and other immuno-modulating therapies have been tried for this intractable condition. Nowadays, tacrolimus ointment is used more commonly as a choice for treatment.

Reactive oxygen species generation in gingival fibroblasts of Down syndrome patients detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

Oral manifestations of Down syndrome include high susceptibility to gingival inflammation with early onset and rapidly progressive periodontitis. The influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on periodontitis of Down syndrome is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize ROS formation in Down syndrome-gingival fibroblasts (DS-GF) using electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping with 5,5-dimetyl-1-pyrolline-N-oxide (DMPO), and to determine whether ROS generation plays a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis in Down syndrome patients.

Interactions between Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed culture for kefiran production.

Since a positive effect on the growth and kefiran production of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens was observed in a mixed culture with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the elucidation of the interactions between L. kefiranofaciens and S. cerevisiae may lead to higher productivity.

Measurement of oxidative stress in the rodent brain using computerized electron spin resonance tomography.

The strategy of this study was to improve the electronic spin resonance (ESR) application used to detect free radical-induced oxidative stress in animal models. We have developed an in vivo ESR imaging system with high-quality ESR-computed tomography (CT) images by using a nitroxyl spin probe--BBB-permeable, 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-1-yloxy (MC-PROXYL)--in living small animals. We first measured the distribution of MC-PROXYL in the head region of a living mouse by using ESR-CT imaging after treatment with MC-PROXYL.

Biting reduces acute stress-induced oxidative stress in the rat hypothalamus.

We investigated the inhibitory effect of para-masticatory activity, namely biting, on restraint stress-induced oxidative stress. A blood brain barrier-permeable nitroxyl spin probe, 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5,-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl (MC-PROXYL), was administered to rats and L-band electron spin resonance (ESR) and ESR-computerized tomography (ESR-CT) imaging were used to show that the decay rate constant of MC-PROXYL in the hypothalamus of isolated brain after 30 min of restraint stress was more rapid than in unrestrained control rats, suggesting that restraint was associated with oxidative stress. Interestingly, biting during restraint stress caused the decay rate constant of MC-PROXYL in isolated brain to approach that of the control group.

Evidence of reactive oxygen species generation in synovial fluid from patients with temporomandibular disease by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorders. In the present study, we provide the first evidence of ROS generation in the synovial fluid from human temporomandibular disorder patients, as shown by electron spin resonance (ESR) and spin trapping. Three distinct ESR spectra of DMPO spin adducts were observed in the synovial fluid.

Assessment of oxidative stress in the spontaneously hypertensive rat brain using electron spin resonance (ESR) imaging and in vivo L-Band ESR.

This study examined the blood brain barrier (BBB)-permeable nitroxyl compound, 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl (MC-PROXYL), as a spin probe for the assessment of oxidative stress in the brain by electron spin resonance (ESR) imaging and in vivo L-band ESR. Preliminary comparisons were made by ESR imaging of MC-PROXYL in the isolated brains of normal Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and stroke prone SHR (SHRSP). The decay of the ESR images of MC-PROXYL in the isolated brains was faster in SHR than in normal WKY, but was only moderate in SHRSP.

Real-time monitoring of nitric oxide in ischemic myocardium using an NO-selective electrode calibrated by electron spin resonance.

Using a Langendorff-perfused rat heart preparation and selective electrodes, we determined nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen levels in cardiac tissue. An NO-selective electrode that was calibrated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was inserted into the middle of the myocardium in the left ventricle. Simultaneously, we used an O2-selective electrode to measure the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the perfusate, Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution, that was ejected from the heart.

Assessment of ESR-CT imaging by comparison with autoradiography for the distribution of a blood-brain-barrier permeable spin probe, MC-PROXYL, to rodent brain.

Blood-brain-barrier (BBB)-permeable, 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-yloxy (MC-PROXYL) and BBB-impermeable carbamoyl-PROXYL were used to assess the ESR imaging technique by comparing with autoradiography. For this purpose, spin probes, 14C-labeled at their five-membered ring, [14C]MC-PROXYL and [14C]carbamoyl-PROXYL, were newly synthesized. These probes were i.

Inhibition of superoxide generation from fMLP-stimulated leukocytes by high concentrations of nitric oxide or peroxynitrite: characterization by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

This present study examined the effects of high concentrations of nitric oxide (NO*) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) on superoxide (O2*-) production from formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) by using electron spin resonance (ESR) and spin trapping with 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DEPMPO). We demonstrated that ONOO- (100 microM) decreased the ESR signal of DEPMPO-OOH from fMLP-activated PMNs, indicating the inhibition of O2*- generation, while it enhanced the signal of DEPMPO-OH. Inhibition of the respiratory burst was also observed when PMNs were pre-exposed to high concentrations of NO* (100 microM), generated by the NO* donor NOR-1, 30 min prior to stimulation with fMLP.

Vascular effects of singlet oxygen (1O2) generated by photo-excitation on adrenergic neurotransmission in isolated rabbit mesenteric vein.

It has been suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved in the regulation of vascular tone. However, the nature of ROS effects on vascular sensitivity remains to be elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ROS, especially 1O2, on neurotransmission at the sympathetic neurovascular junction.

Measurement of oxidative stress in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat brain using in vivo electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

A number of researchers have reported that free radicals generated in the brain are involved in various brain dysfunctions, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. It has been reported that the spin probe MC-PROXYL can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and can be useful for evaluating oxidative stress in the brain. Preliminary comparisons were made by ESR imaging of the heads of live mice and isolated rat brains using the spin probe MC-PROXYL and the blood-brain-barrier impermeable probe carbamoyl-PROXYL.