Effect of ITO surface treatment on organic light emitting diodes.

Performance of organic light emitting diodes with structure of ITO/NPB/NPB:Ir(piq)3/Alq3/Al was studied by inserting MoO3 hole injection layer (HIL) and using differently cleaned indium tin oxides (ITOs). High luminance and quantum efficiencies were obtained using HIL and highly cleaned ITO. High power efficiency was obtained using HIL and conventionally cleaned ITO, while low driving voltage was obtained using highly cleaned ITO without HIL.

Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on degradation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in polyvinyl chloride sheet.

The risk assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) migration from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) medical devices is an important issue for patients. The aim of this study was to determine DEHP degradation and migration from PVC sheets. To this end, the method for the simultaneous determination of DEHP and its breakdown products (mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) and phthalic acid (PA)) was improved.

[Measurement of amount of fentanyl remaining in used patches: investigation of clinical factors affecting the remaining amounts in 4 patients].

Although fentanyl patches (FP) designed to sustain plasma fentanyl concentrations for 3 days are used in many patients for continuous relief of moderate to severe cancer pain, there are some cases in which effective pain relief is sustained less than for 3 days, and in which plasma fentanyl concentrations rapidly decrease at the third day after the application. In this study, we measured the amount of fentanyl remaining in FP after continuous 3-days use to clarify some clinical factors that can influence the remaining amounts in 4 patients. Average estimated fentanyl-dermal transfer rates of the collected 41 patches calculated from their remaining amounts were less than nominal rates (21.

Determination of tris(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate released from PVC tube by LC-MS/MS.

Tris(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate (TOTM) is used as an alternative plasticizer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) medical devices. A method for the determination of TOTM released from PVC medical devices into intravenous preparations was developed, which uses liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A PVC tube was filled with an intravenous preparation and extraction was carried out by shaking for 1h at room temperature.

The validation of column-switching LC/MS as a high-throughput approach for direct analysis of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate released from PVC medical devices in intravenous solution.

Health Canada reported recently that medical devices containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) should not be used in the clinical treatment of infants, young boys, pregnant women, and nursing mothers. The risk assessment of DEHP released from PVC medical devices is an important issue for hospitalized patients. In this study, a simple, accurate, low-contamination and high-throughput analytical technique for the determination of DEHP in intravenous (IV) solution was developed using column-switching liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with an extraction mini-column.