Early detection of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease with the use of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: correlations with Montreal Cognitive Assessment and smell identification test.

Cognitive function is often impaired in early Parkinson's disease (PD). The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a neuropsychological test of "set-shifting" ability. To see whether WCST is useful for detecting early changes of cognitive function in PD, we examined the correlations of WCST with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Odor Stick Identification Test (OSIT).

Association of Smell Identification Deficit with Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, Japanese Version Scores and Brain Atrophy in Patients with Dementia.

Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction is commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be related to disorder of the central olfactory processing system. In this work, therefore, we examined the relationships between olfactory changes and the most affected cognitive domain or degree of brain atrophy in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: The subjects were 55 AD patients and 27 MCI patients.

Characteristic deterioration of ADAS-Jcog subscale scores and correlations with regional cerebral blood flow reductions in Alzheimer's disease.

The Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale (Japanese version) cognitive subscale (ADAS-Jcog) is composed of a number of subscale tasks. However, it is not clear which subscale tasks are most susceptible to impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) or what is the relationship between reduction in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and decreased ADAS-Jcog scores. Subjects were 32 AD patients, aged 52-86 years.

Evaluation of Postoperative Pain Control and Quality of Recovery in Patients Using Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia with Fentanyl: A Prospective Randomized Study.

Aim: Opioids are increasingly used to control postoperative pain via intravenous patient-controlled analgesia, with several advantages. The present study evaluated the effects of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with different doses of fentanyl on postoperative pain and on the quality of physical/emotional recovery from surgery and anesthesia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 288 patients, and evaluated whether intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with fentanyl correlated with the degree of postoperative pain.

P-F study can predict the psychiatric symptoms of patients confined to the germ-free unit.

Psychological symptoms are often seen in pediatric patients who are confined to a germ-free unit while undergoing bone marrow transplants. The Picture-Frustration Study( P-F study) was performed at the outpatient clinic before admission to the germ-free unit. After admission to the germ-free unit, the patients were interviewed once a week in the germ-free unit, and their mental symptoms were recorded in their clinical records.