Publications by authors named "Hirobumi Tokuyama"

The small GTPase protein RhoA has two effectors, ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase 1) and mDIA1 (protein diaphanous homolog 1), which cooperate reciprocally. However, temporal regulation of RhoA and its effectors in obesity-induced kidney damage remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of RhoA activation in the proximal tubules at the early and late stages of obesity-induced kidney damage.

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We report the case of a 73-year-old-man who developed immunotactoid glomerulopathy (ITG). ITG is a rare disease characterized by proliferative glomerulonephritis and capillary wall deposits with a 10-60 nm diameter microtubular substructure. In monoclonal ITG, immunofluorescence analysis typically exhibits IgG with light chain restriction.

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Dysregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) metabolism contributes to the initiation and progression of age-associated diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a nicotinamide (NAM) metabolizing enzyme, regulates both NAD + and methionine metabolism. Although NNMT is expressed abundantly in the kidney, its role in CKD and renal fibrosis remains unclear.

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Background: The potential effects of aerobic and resistance training in patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not fully elucidated. This study investigated the effects of a home-based exercise programme on physical functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with Stage 4 CKD, equivalent to estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15-30 mL/min/1.73 m .

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Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked genetic lysosomal disorder caused by alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) deficiency. Multiple myeloma (MM) predominately affects older adults, which ranks as the second commonest hematological malignancy. Their overlap has rarely been reported.

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Background: The activation of NAD-dependent deacetylase, Sirt1, by the administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) ameliorates various aging-related diseases.

Methods: Diabetic mice were treated with NMN transiently for 2 weeks and observed for effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Results: At 14 weeks after the treatment period, NMN attenuated the increases in urinary albumin excretion in mice without ameliorating hemoglobin A1c levels.

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Cyanotic congenital heart disease is occasionally associated with kidney dysfunction, which is known as cyanotic nephropathy or cyanotic glomerulopathy. The clinical presentation of cyanotic nephropathy includes proteinuria, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, hyperuricemia, thrombocytopenia, or polycythemia. Although advances in surgical procedures have improved the prognosis of cyanotic congenital heart diseases, adult cases of cyanotic nephropathy are still rare, and there are few reports of kidney biopsy in adults with cyanotic nephropathy.

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Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is accompanied by characteristic changes in the glomerulus, but little is known about the effect of diabetes on parietal epithelial cells (PECs). In this study, a descriptive analysis of PECs was undertaken in diabetic db/db mice and in diabetic patients. PEC hypertrophy was significantly more prominent in diabetic mice than in nondiabetic mice, and this was evident even at the early stage.

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Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) is the most common primary target antigen of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) although PLA2R antibodies are also reported to be present in malignancy-associated MN. However, a case of PLA2R-positive MN secondary to PLA2R-positive carcinoma has not been reported. A 26-year-old Japanese woman presented with general fatigue, fever, and nonproductive cough.

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The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) cannot be completely inhibited. We first explored factors contributing to CKD progression in patients with CKD in a prospective observational study. In the next phase, we focused on the effects of aldosterone, conducting a single-blinded placebo-controlled study using the selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA), eplerenone (25 mg/day).

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Thromboembolism is one of the most serious complications of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Although the occurrence of renal vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis is well recognized in NS patients, they rarely develop cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). The mortality rate of CVT patients is still approximately 10%, and 6-10% of patients who survive have a severe and permanent disability.

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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder, characterized by the progressive formation of renal cysts. Although ADPKD is strongly associated with cerebral and cardiovascular complications, cerebral ischemia caused by dissection of thoracic and carotid arteries has rarely been reported. We report the case of a 71-year-old Japanese woman who complained of hemiparesis.

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Accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is linked to aging and age-related diseases. We recently reported the possible association of DNA DSBs with altered DNA methylation in murine models of kidney disease. However, DSBs and DNA methylation in human kidneys was not adequately investigated.

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Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in later life and is becoming increasingly common in developed countries, including Japan. Furthermore, a serial decrease in birth weight has been associated with an increasing prevalence of CKD stage 2 in male Japanese adolescents. Sex-specific differences affect CKD susceptibility, and the association between birth weight and CKD in women, has not been elucidated.

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Clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) including nivolumab is expanding in the field of oncology treatment. Nivolumab is an anti-programmed death 1 protein (PD-1) antibody designed to augment an immunologic reaction against cancer cells. On the contrary, CPIs are known to cause a unique variety of side effects termed as immune-related adverse events, which can affect any organ including kidney.

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Background: Cyst infection is a complication sometimes seen in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and often shows through a positive blood culture. However, there have been no reports of ADPKD patients whose cyst infection propagate to peritoneal fluid leading to positive peritoneal fluid culture.

Case Presentation: A 74-year-old Japanese man with ADPKD under peritoneal dialysis (PD) was presented with left flank pain, fever, and chills at our hospital.

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism plays a critical role in kidneys. We previously reported that decreased secretion of a NAD precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), from proximal tubules (PTs) can trigger diabetic albuminuria. In the present study, we investigated the role of NMN-producing enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) in diabetic nephropathy.

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Ketone bodies including β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) have been shown to protect against ischemic tissue injury when present at low concentrations. We evaluated the impact of β-OHB on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Mice were treated with a continuous infusion of β-OHB using an osmotic mini-pump before and after IRI.

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Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyses the reaction between nicotinamide (NAM) and S-adenosylmethionine to produce 1-methylnicotinamide and S-adenosylhomocysteine. Recently, this enzyme has also been reported to modulate hepatic nutrient metabolism, but its role in the liver has not been fully elucidated. We developed transgenic mice overexpressing NNMT to elucidate its role in hepatic nutrient metabolism.

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Under diabetic conditions, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) for glucose uptake in proximal tubules (PTs) increases, whereas NAD-dependent protein deacetylase silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Sirtuin-1; SIRT1) for PT survival decreases. Therefore, we hypothesized that increased glucose influx by SGLT2 reduces SIRT1 expression. To test this hypothesis, db/db mice with diabetes and high-glucose (HG)-cultured porcine PT LLC-PK1 cells in a two-chamber system were treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin.

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Background: Oral charcoal adsorbent AST-120 (AST) is reported to ameliorate renal dysfunction by the absorption of toxic substance in the gut. Recent study revealed that, in CKD, gut environment is disturbed including the decrease in tight junctions and Lactobacillus (Lact). In this study, we examined whether AST improves the renal dysfunction through gut environment.

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Calciphylaxis presents with painful purpura and intractable skin ulcers on the trunk and particularly the distal extremities, and it mainly occurs in patients on chronic dialysis. A 66-year-old man with renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy was on peritoneal dialysis alone for 1 year, followed by peritoneal dialysis combined with hemodialysis for 3 years. He developed calciphylaxis of the penis, which was diagnosed from the skin biopsy findings and clinical observation.

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Most infections related to peritoneal dialysis (PD) are caused by common bacteria, and non-tuberculous mycobacteria are rare. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of PD patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections were investigated at our hospital. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria were detected in 11 patients (exit-site infection, tunnel infection, and peritonitis in 3, 5, and 3 patients, respectively).

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Rationale: Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) can present rheumatic manifestations in patients on long-term hemodialysis. Typical articular symptoms with DRA involve carpal-tunnel syndrome, effusion in large joints, spondyloarthropathy, or cystic bone lesions, which are usually with non-inflammatory processes.

Patient Concerns: A 64-year-old man on hemodialysis for >30 years was admitted because of intermittent fever, polyarthritis, and elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, which was continuous for 2 years.

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