Experimental Murine Periodontitis Increases Salivary Gland IgA-Producing B Cells Following Oral Dysbiosis.

The oral microbiome is closely involved in the maintenance of host health and the development of systemic diseases. The salivary glands play an essential role in homeostasis in the oral cavity. Here, we investigated the effects of periodontal inflammation on salivary gland function and the oral microbiome.

The Klebsiella mannose phosphotransferase system promotes proliferation and the production of extracellular polymeric substances from mannose, facilitating adaptation to the host environment.

Objectives: Klebsiella spp., an opportunistic infectious organism, is commensal in the nasal and oral cavities of humans. Recently, it has been reported that oral Klebsiella spp.

Oral commensal bacterial flora is responsible for peripheral differentiation of neutrophils in the oral mucosa in the steady state.

Objectives: Commensal bacteria in the host body play a fundamental role in the differentiation and maintenance of the immune system. Studies on intestinal immunity have revealed that, under steady-state conditions, microflora have an important role in the maintenance of health. However, the role of oral commensal bacteria on the oral immune system is still unclear.

Novel antibody assessment method for microbial compositional alteration in the oral cavity.

Recently, it has been demonstrated that dysbiosis, an alteration in commensal microflora composition, is intimately involved in the onset of a variety of diseases. It is becoming increasingly evident that the composition of commensal microflora in the oral cavity is closely connected to oral diseases, such as periodontal disease, and systemic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Next-generation sequencing techniques are used as a method to examine changes in bacterial flora, but additional analytical methods to assess bacterial flora are needed to understand bacterial activity in more detail.

Streptococcal H2O2 inhibits IgE-triggered degranulation of RBL-2H3 mast cell/basophil cell line by inducing cell death.

Mast cells and basophils are central players in allergic reactions triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE). They have intracellular granules containing allergic mediators (e.g.

Dysregulation of Intestinal Microbiota Elicited by Food Allergy Induces IgA-Mediated Oral Dysbiosis.

Food allergy is a life-threatening response to specific foods, and microbiota imbalance (dysbiosis) in gut is considered a cause of this disease. Meanwhile, the host immune response also plays an important role in the disease. Notably, interleukin 33 (IL-33) released from damaged or necrotic intestinal epithelial cells facilitates IL-2-producing CD4 helper T (Th2) responses.

Effect of kinematic viscosity on the staining performance of caries detector dyes.

The relationship between performance of caries detector dyes and solvent molecular weight has been reported, but viscosity has not yet been investigated. Therefore, using extracted human teeth, we compared 6 experimental caries detector dyes with different viscosities to clarify the relationship between dye viscosity and staining performance in sclerotic dentin. Carious dentin started showing dentin staining when stained with caries detector dyes with kinematic viscosity≥263 mm/s, showed no immunoreactivity for Streptococcus mutans on immunohistochemistry, and contained dentinal tubules free of debris on scanning electron microscopy.

Streptococcus sanguinis Noncoding -Dependent Small RNAs Negatively Regulate Expression of Type IV Pilus Retraction ATPase PilT and Biofilm Formation.

Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) have been identified as important regulators of gene expression in various cellular processes. -dependent small RNAs (csRNAs), a group of sRNAs that are controlled by the two-component regulatory system CiaRH, are widely conserved in streptococci, but their targets have been identified only in , a pioneer colonizer of teeth and one of the most predominant bacteria in the early oral biofilm, has been shown to have six csRNAs. Using computational target prediction and the luciferase reporter assay, we identified , a constituent of the type IV pilus operon, as a negative regulatory target for one of the csRNAs, namely, csRNA1-1, in RNA-RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a nucleotide exchange mutant of csRNA1-1 revealed that csRNA1-1 binds directly to mRNA.

Influence of excess branched-chain amino acid uptake by Streptococcus mutans in human host cells.

Oral streptococci, including cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans, comprise a large percentage of human supragingival plaque, which contacts both tooth surfaces and gingiva. Eukaryotic cells are able to take up macromolecules and particles, including bacteria, by endocytosis. Increasing evidence indicates endocytosis may be used as an entry process by bacteria.

A Polymethyl Methacrylate-Based Acrylic Dental Resin Surface Bound with a Photoreactive Polymer Inhibits Accumulation of Bacterial Plaque.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the ability of a poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butylmethacrylate-co-2-methacryloyloxyethyloxy-p-azidobenzoate) (PMBPAz) coating on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based dental resin to inhibit bacterial plaque formation, as well as the polymer's durability against water soaking and chemical exposure.

Materials And Methods: Successful application of PMBPAz on PMMA surfaces was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and measuring the static air contact angle in water. The anti-adhesive effects to bacterial plaque were evaluated using biofilm formation assay.

Microarray and gene co-expression analysis reveals that melatonin attenuates immune responses and modulates actin rearrangement in macrophages.

Melatonin produced by the pineal gland suppresses inflammatory responses in innate immune cells. However, the mechanism of how melatonin affects inflammatory gene regulation remains unclear. Here we performed comprehensive microarray analysis combined with transcription factor binding site (TFBS) analysis using LPS-induced mouse macrophages to investigate the effect of melatonin treatment.

Microarray analysis of macrophage response to infection with Streptococcus oralis reveals the immunosuppressive effect of hydrogen peroxide.

Oral streptococci including mitis group streptococci are commensal residents and are also the first to colonize the oral cavity. However, various species of these oral streptococci have the potential to invade the host and occasionally lead to severe infectious disease such as cardiovascular diseases. Oral streptococci have close interactions with the host immune system including macrophages at the oral mucosal surface.

Effects of Hangeshashinto on Growth of Oral Microorganisms.

Oral mucositis (OM) in cancer patients induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy has a significant impact on quality of life, and causes considerable morbidity. Oral microorganisms are likely to intensify the inflammatory process and aggravate the formation of ulcers. Hangeshashinto (HST), a Japanese kampo medicine, has been reported to be effective when used as a gargle for the treatment of OM.

Potential effect of cationic liposomes on interactions with oral bacterial cells and biofilms.

Context: Although oral infectious diseases have been attributed to bacteria, drug treatments remain ineffective because bacteria and their products exist as biofilms. Cationic liposomes have been suggested to electrostatically interact with the negative charge on the bacterial surface, thereby improving the effects of conventional drug therapies. However, the electrostatic interaction between oral bacteria and cationic liposomes has not yet been examined in detail.

Evaluation of the durability and antiadhesive action of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine grafting on an acrylic resin denture base material.

Statement Of Problem: The polymer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine is currently used on medical devices to prevent infection. Denture plaque-associated infection is regarded as a source of serious dental and medical complications in the elderly population, and denture hygiene, therefore, is an issue of considerable importance for denture wearers. Furthermore, because denture bases are exposed to mechanical stresses, for example, denture brushing, the durability of the coating is important for retaining the antiadhesive function of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine.

Rothia dentocariosa induces TNF-alpha production in a TLR2-dependent manner.

Previous work suggested that Rothia dentocariosa is associated with periodontal inflammatory disease. However, little is known about the pathogenicity of this bacterium. To characterize host response to this bacterium, we measured (via ELISA) the amount of TNF-α in the culture supernatant following the stimulation of THP-1 cells (a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) with R.

Molecular characterization of dextranase from Streptococcus rattus.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the dextranase gene of Streptococcus rattus ATCC19645 was determined. An open reading frame of the dextranase gene was 2,760 bp long and encoded a dextranase protein consisting of 920 amino acids with a molecular weight of 100,163 Da and an isoelectric point of 4.67.