Diffuse bone marrow uptake on F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography with copper-deficiency anemia.

A 59-year-old man with pancytopenia underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for suspected carcinomatosis. The scan revealed diffuse bone marrow uptake, prompting further investigation. Bone marrow analysis revealed no malignant cells; however, erythroblasts with cytoplasmic vacuolization were observed.

Outcome of stem cell transplantation for Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: analysis of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (JSHCT) Lymphoma Working Group.

The role of stem cell transplantation (SCT) for patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) remains undetermined. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the outcome of autologous and allogeneic SCT for patients with WM using the registry database of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Forty-six patients receiving autologous and 31 receiving allogeneic SCT were analyzed.

Prospective evaluation of alternative donor from unrelated donor and cord blood in adult acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.

A prospectively registered observational study was conducted to assess the significance of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from highly HLA-matched unrelated donors (UD) and cord blood (CB) on outcomes in adult acute leukemia (AL) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Between 2007 and 2015, 231 transplant-eligible patients were registered for a phase 2 study of alternative donor transplantation. After registration, a sufficient time period was given to find appropriate UD.

Prospective Phase 2 Study of Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Adult Acute Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Almost comparable transplantation outcomes have been reported with HLA-matched unrelated donor transplantation (UDT) and cord blood transplantation (CBT). We conducted a prospective phase 2 study to assess the efficacy and safety of single-unit myeloablative CBT in adult leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Because the day 180 survival of UDT was approximately 80%, we determined the alternative hypothesis of expected day 180 survival with a successful engraftment rate of 80% and set the null hypothesis of threshold rate at 65%.

Comparison of Outcomes of Allogeneic Transplantation for Primary Myelofibrosis among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Source Groups.

The choice of alternative donor is a major issue in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) without an HLA-matched related donor. We conducted this retrospective study using the Japanese national registry data for 224 PMF patients to compare the outcomes of first allogeneic HSCT from HLA-matched related donor bone marrow (Rtd-BM), HLA-matched related donor peripheral blood stem cells (Rtd-PB), HLA-matched unrelated donor bone marrow (UR-BM), unrelated umbilical cord blood (UR-UCB), and other hematopoietic stem cell grafts. Nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rates at 1 year after Rtd-BM, Rtd-PB, UR-BM, UR-UCB, and other transplantations were 16%, 36%, 30%, 41%, and 48%, respectively.

Risk factors and timing of autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC-ASCT) is an option for patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL); however, neither prospective nor retrospective studies support proceeding with ASCT upfront, and the timing of HDC-ASCT remains controversial. We retrospectively analyzed the risk factors for outcomes of 570 patients with PTCL, including PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), who received ASCT for frontline consolidation (n = 98 and 75, respectively) or alternative therapies after either relapse (n = 112 and 75) or primary induction failure (PIF; n = 127 and 83) between 2000 and 2015. Significant risk factors for overall survival (OS) after upfront ASCT were a ≥ 2 prognostic index for T-cell lymphoma (P < 0.

Clinical effects of recombinant thrombomodulin and defibrotide on sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a lethal complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Defibrotide (DF) is the only drug internationally recommended for SOS treatment in Western countries. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhTM), which is promising for the treatment of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation, is also reported to be potentially effective for SOS.

Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Acute Panmyelosis with Myelofibrosis: A Retrospective Study in Japan.

Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (APMF) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia characterized by acute onset of cytopenias and bone marrow fibrosis in the absence of splenomegaly. Because the prognosis of APMF is extremely poor even after chemotherapy, hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been used to treat APMF. However, the outcome after HCT for APMF remains unclear.

Prospective observational study on the first 51 cases of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors in Japan.

The Japan Marrow Donor Program (JMDP) has facilitated unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (URPBSCT) since 2010. We conducted a prospective multicenter observational study to evaluate the feasibility of such transplantation. Between 2011 and 2014, 51 patients underwent URPBSCT from 8/8 allele-matched donors for hematological malignancies.

A comparison of tacrolimus and cyclosporine combined with methotrexate for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, stratified by stem cell source: a retrospective nationwide survey.

This nationwide, retrospective study compared the efficacy of cyclosporine and tacrolimus with methotrexate (CsA/MTX and TAC/MTX) for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) prevention and transplant-related outcomes. Data were obtained from the Transplant Registry Unified Management Program of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for ≥ 16-year-old leukemia patients who received CsA/MTX or TAC/MTX after bone marrow transplantation and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from serological HLA-matched related donors (MRD), HLA 8/8 allele-matched, or one allele-mismatched unrelated bone marrow (UBM), or 0-2 antigen-mismatched unrelated cord blood (UCB) transplantation between January 2005 and December 2009. Separate analyses were performed for each cohort.

Comparison of cord blood transplantation with unrelated bone marrow transplantation in patients older than fifty years.

We retrospectively compared the transplantation outcomes for patients 50 years or older who received umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) with those who received unrelated bone marrow transplantation (UBMT) for hematologic malignancies. A total of 1377 patients who underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2009 were included: 516 received 8/8 HLA allele-matched UBMT, 295 received 7/8 HLA allele-matched UBMT, and 566 received 4/6 to 6/6 HLA-matched UCBT. Adjusted overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in those who underwent UCBT than those who underwent 8/8 HLA-matched UBMT but was similar to that of 7/8 HLA-matched UBMT (the 2-year OS after 8/8 HLA-matched UBMT, 7/8 HLA-matched UBMT, and UCBT were 49% [95% confidence interval (CI), 45% to 55%], 38% [95% CI, 32% to 45%], and 39% [95% CI, 34% to 43%], respectively).

A case-control study of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a significant complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, the pathogenesis and risks for the development of BOS have remained unclear. Therefore, a case-control study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for the development of BOS, which included the largest number of BOS cases; 196 patients with BOS were identified and compared with 1960 control recipients.

Comparison of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation and chemotherapy as postremission treatment in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission.

Unlabelled: Randomized trials of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) showed that autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) improves relapse-free survival (RFS) but not overall survival (OS), compared with chemotherapy. Using a database of 2518 adult patients with AML in CR1, we conducted a 5-month landmark analysis and found that auto-HCT improves 3-year RFS but not OS compared with chemotherapy.

Introduction: A number of randomized trials in patients with AML in CR1 have been conducted and they showed that auto-HCT improves RFS but not OS, compared with chemotherapy.

Prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia harboring monosomal karyotype in patients treated with or without allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after achieving complete remission.

To evaluate the prognostic impact of monosomal karyotype on post-remission outcome in acute myeloid leukemia, we retrospectively analyzed 2,099 patients who had achieved complete remission. Monosomal karyotype was noted in 73 patients (4%). Of these, the probability of overall survival from first complete remission was 14% at four years, which was significantly lower than that reported in patients without monosomal karyotype, primarily due to a high relapse rate (86%).

A new chromosome banding technique, spectral color banding (SCAN), for full characterization of chromosomal abnormalities.

We have developed spectral color banding (SCAN) as a new chromosome banding technique based on spectral analysis of differentially labeled chromosome band-specific painting probes. In this study, we succeeded in displaying a multicolor banding pattern for chromosome 3, which was almost identical to the pattern obtained with the corresponding G-banding. We applied this method to metaphase cells from different normal male donors with various levels of G-banding resolution, ranging from 250 to 850 bands per haploid set.