The comorbidities of recurrent inguinal hernia in children: A systematic review.

Background: Higher risk of recurrence has been reported in pediatric inguinal hernia patients with specific comorbidities. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate which comorbidities predispose to recurrent pediatric inguinal hernias (RPIHs).

Methods: A comprehensive search of six databases was performed, reviewing the literature to date on RPIHs and the co-occurrence of comorbidities.

Survey of understanding and awareness of fertility preservation in pediatric patients: Is conversation about fertility preservation unpleasant for pediatric patients?

Objective: To verify understanding and awareness of fertility preservation (FP) in pediatric patients undergoing FP treatments.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted before and after explanation of fertility issues and FP treatments for patients 6-17 years old who visited or were hospitalized for the purpose of ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) or oocyte cryopreservation (OC), or sperm cryopreservation between October 2018 and April 2022. This study was approved by the institutional review board at St.

Factors influencing the development of Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (MCDK) following urinary tract obstruction in the fetal lamb.

Background: Creating obstructive uropathy (OU) during glomerulogenesis in the fetal lamb results in multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) at term. We explored this using immunohistochemical techniques.

Method: OU was created in fetal lambs at 60-day gestation, ligating the urethra and urachus.

The triangular cord ratio and the presence of a cystic lesion in the triangular cord. Suggested new ultrasound findings in the early diagnosis of Biliary Atresia.

Background: In biliary atresia (BA), the ultrasonic triangular cord (TC) sign is positive at ≥ 3 mm, but sometimes there is BA even if it is ≤ 3 mm. For improving the ultrasonographic diagnosis, we have established a new evaluation, adding the ratio of the anterior/posterior thickness (TC ratio) in the hyperechoic area and the presence of a cystic lesion in the triangular cord (TCC).

Methods: We examined 24 cases of suspected BA who demonstrated acholic stools from 2006 to 2020.

Muscle imbalance as a cause of scoliosis: a study in a fetal lamb abdominal wall defect model.

Background: We created abdominal wall defects (AWD) in fetal lambs to investigate possible causes of scoliosis.

Methods: We incised the upper abdominal wall (including Rectus) in 60-day gestation fetal lambs, from the midline to either the right (Group A) or left (Group B) costal margin, in 14 lambs carried by 7 ewes. They were delivered by cesarean section at term (about 145 days).

The Expression of Transcription Factors in Fetal Lamb Kidney.

(1) Background: Renal development involves frequent expression and loss of transcription factors, resulting in the activation of genes. Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1), hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-beta (HNF1β), and paired box genes 2 and 8 (Pax2 and Pax8) play an important role in renal development. With this in vivo study, we examined the period and location of expression of these factors in renal development.

Anatomical patterns of biliary atresia including hepatic radicles at the porta hepatis influence short- and long-term prognoses.

Background/purpose: The biliary atresia (BA) inflammatory process leads to various obstructive patterns of extrahepatic biliary trees. The significance of the various BA obstructive patterns is unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the anatomical patterns of the biliary tract and short- and long-term prognoses in BA.

Therapeutic effectiveness of costal cartilage grafting into both anterior and posterior walls for laryngotracheal reconstruction in acquired subglottic stenosis.

Background: We have reviewed the surgical procedures performed and outcomes for low-birth-weight infants with acquired subglottic stenosis.

Methods: The gestational age at birth, birth weight, age at Laryngotracheal reconstruction, and therapeutic outcome over the past 26 years were reviewed. Laryngotracheal reconstruction was initially performed by costochondral grafting involving only the anterior wall for the first operation, but since 2010 a costal cartilage was also inserted into the posterior wall of the cricoid cartilage using the BENSON pylorus spreader to split the cartilage.

Differences in post-operative complications after reconstruction for congenital biliary dilatation in a single institution-Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy versus hepaticoduodenostomy.

Background: The standard surgical procedure for congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) consists of excision of extrahepatic bile duct and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ). However, alternative reconstructive operations for CBD includes hepaticoduodenostomy (HD). We compared postoperative complications and therapeutic outcomes of these two operations at our institution.

Risk factors influencing ascending testis after laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for pediatric inguinal hernia and hydrocele.

Background: We investigated the risk factors influencing ascending testis following laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) for inguinal hernia or hydrocele.

Methods: Boys undergoing LPEC between 2014 and 2018 had their medical records and operative movies reviewed. Group A patients required orchiopexy after LPEC.

The vacuum treatment for the pectus excavatum thickened subcutaneous fat of the chest wall and is effective in preteenagers.

Purpose: We report effects of treatment for pectus excavatum (PE) with a Vacuum Bell (VB).

Materials And Methods: Fifteen patients (13 males and 2 females) undergoing VB therapy over 6 years, aged 6-17 years (mean: 11.1 years), were divided into two Groups: Group 1 (G1), preteenagers (< 13 years); Group 2 (G2), teenagers (≧ 13 years).

Reduction-Responsive DNA Duplex Containing -Nitrobenzyl-Guanine.

Stimuli-controlled structural transitions of nucleic acids have received growing attentions owing to their potential applications in the fields of chemical and synthetic biology. Here, we describe the development of reduction-responsive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) duplexes, in which guanine rings bearing a reduction-responsive cleavable nitrobenzyl (NB) group at the position (G) are introduced at defined positions. We demonstrate that the artificial NB group can be removed in response to reduction stimulus without the dissociation of the intermolecular duplex structure, which comprises a G-quadruplex forming nucleic acid strand with one G and its complementary sequence with one mismatch pair.

A new approach using image analysis to assess pulmonary hypoplasia in the fetal lamb diaphragmatic hernia model.

Background: In congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), there is pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) and also pulmonary vascular and bronchial abnormalities. Few studies have investigated bronchial maldevelopment in CDH. We evaluated bronchial area (BA) by bronchography in a fetal lamb DH model to develop a measure of PH.

The role of the ureteric bud in the development of the ovine fetal kidney.

Background: The kidney develops from an intimate interaction between the ureteric bud and the metanephric mass. We attempted to differentially stain the derivatives of the ureteric bud and the metanephric mass in ovine fetuses.

Methods: After appropriate approval, 47 fetal lambs' kidneys at 50 (4), 60 (6), 70 (5), 80 (4), 100 (10), 110 (8), 145 (10) days' gestation (term is 140-145 days) were obtained.

The effect of the broad-spectrum antibiotics for prevention of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess in pediatric acute appendicitis.

Background: We investigated the efficacy of broad-spectrum antibiotics for prevention of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess in pediatric acute appendicitis with our 3 risk factors:-WBC > 16.5 (× 10/µl), CRP > 3.1 (mg/dl) and appendix maximum short diameter on diagnostic imaging > 11.

A Case of Congenital Infantile Fibrosarcoma of the Bowel Presenting as a Neonatal Intussusception.

Neonatal intussusception of the intestinal tract is rare. However, most neonatal intussusceptions have an organic lead point. For the lead point to be a neoplasm is extremely rare.

Evaluation of alveolar epithelial cells in the sheep model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Type 1 alveolar epithelial cells and histopathological image analysis.

Background: There are few reports comparing type 1 alveolar epithelial cell development with histopathological image analysis. We investigated these as indicators of maturity in fetal lambs' lungs in a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) model.

Methods: We created left CDH in 4 fetal lambs at 75 or 76days' gestation (Group A).

Prognostic factors indicating survival with native liver after Kasai procedure for biliary atresia.

Background: The number of the bile ducts in the portal canal/measured surface area of the portal canal (BDP ratio) indicates prognosis in biliary atresia (BA), as does an elevated cytokeratin 7 positivity percentage (PCK7). We compared these two markers.

Methods: We reviewed 32 BA cases undergoing Kasai operation from 1976 to 2016 with >5 portal canals in biopsy samples.

Clinical practice guidelines for congenital hyperinsulinism.

Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rare condition, and following recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, it was considered necessary to formulate evidence-based clinical practice guidelines reflecting the most recent progress, to guide the practice of neonatologists, pediatric endocrinologists, general pediatricians, and pediatric surgeons. These guidelines cover a range of aspects, including general features of congenital hyperinsulinism, diagnostic criteria and tools for diagnosis, first- and second-line medical treatment, criteria for and details of surgical treatment, and future perspectives. These guidelines were generated as a collaborative effort between The Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and The Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons, and followed the official procedures of guideline generation to identify important clinical questions, perform a systematic literature review (April 2016), assess the evidence level of each paper, formulate the guidelines, and obtain public comments.

Does a large abdominal wall defect affect lung growth?

Background/purpose: Respiratory distress in babies with large abdominal wall defects suggests a relationship to decreased diaphragmatic movement. We evaluated pulmonary development in a fetal lamb gastroschisis model.

Methods: We created gastroschisis in 25 fetal lambs at 60days gestation (group A).