Concentrations of Irinotecan and SN-38 in the Ascites and the Fluid Product of Cell-Free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy 9 Days After Administration of Irinotecan in a Patient with Gastric Cancer: A Case Report.

Introduction: Cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) is frequently used to relieve the symptoms caused by massive ascites due to peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer, especially in the later stages of its clinical course. Irinotecan (CPT-11) is recommended for third- or later-line chemotherapy according to gastric cancer treatment guidelines. However, the concentrations of anti-cancer drugs in the ascites and the product of CART are not well known, it is considered that some amounts of anti-cancer drugs contained in the product of CART may be readministered and induce severe adverse reactions.

Variability in non-tumor areas of colorectal cancer patients as revealed by endoscopic intestinal step biopsies.

A comprehensive endoscopic small and large intestinal untargeted step biopsy procedure was conducted to compare gene expression between the normal intestinal mucosa of healthy individuals and that of patients with colorectal tumors. From 78 participants (healthy individuals [n = 17], patients with colorectal conventional adenomas [n = 6], patients with Tis-T1 colorectal cancer [n = 41], patients with T2-4 colorectal cancer [n = 14]), biopsies of normal mucosa of the terminal ileum, right-sided colon (cecum and ascending colon), and left-sided colorectum (descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum) were obtained using a lower gastrointestinal endoscope. RNA was extracted from all samples, and total transcriptome sequencing was performed.

Risk of colorectal cancer among fecal immunochemical test-positive individuals by timing of previous colonoscopy: A multicenter analysis.

Background And Aim: The risk of colorectal cancer among fecal immunochemistry test-positive individuals who had undergone previous colonoscopies remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the differences in the risk of colorectal cancer among fecal immunochemistry test-positive individuals according to the timing of their previous colonoscopies.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, observational study was conducted in Japan as a subgroup analysis of the J-SCOUT study (UMIN000040690), which integrated and analyzed a database comprising all colonoscopies performed at participating Japanese institutions between 2010 and 2020.

Possibility of determining high quantitative fecal occult blood on stool surface using hyperspectral imaging.

Background: Fecal immunochemical tests are commonly performed for colorectal cancer screening. Instant fecal occult blood measurement in toilet bowel movements would improve convenience. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) enables the nondestructive evaluation of materials that are difficult to assess visually.

Impact of advanced endoscopy training on colonoscopy quality and efficiency.

Objectives: Few reports have detailed improvements in the quality of colonoscopies with continuous training post-fellowship completion. We examined the changes in colonoscopy performance among trainees during our advanced endoscopy training program.

Methods: Screening or surveillance colonoscopies performed by 11 trainees who participated in our 3-year advanced endoscopy training program between April 2015 and March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.

Tumor thickness is associated with metastasis in patients with submucosal invasive adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction.

In submucosal invasive adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (pT1b-SM AEG), the extent of tumor submucosal (SM) invasion is measured using the vertical depth of SM invasion with the muscularis mucosa. This study aimed to investigate whether tumor thickness and depth of invasion without accounting for muscularis mucosa were superior to the vertical depth of SM invasion as metastasis predictors. We enrolled patients with pT1b-SM AEG who underwent endoscopic resection or surgical resection (SR) at our institution between January 2011 and September 2019 and were followed up for ≥2 years.

Both Th1 and Th2 CD4 + T-Cell Lineage Infiltrations Decrease in Post-hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Colon Adenoma.

Purpose: As long-term survival improves after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the risk for secondary solid cancers, including colon cancer, also increases. However, the pathogenesis of secondary solid cancers in post-HSCT patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of local immunity in colon carcinogenesis in post-HSCT patients by assessing the infiltrating T cells in colon adenomas as premalignant lesions of colon cancer in adenoma-carcinoma sequence.

Outcomes of noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection for T1 colorectal cancer: Prospective, multicenter, cohort study in Japan.

Objectives: This study investigated the incidence of lymph node metastasis and long-term outcomes in patients with T1 colorectal cancer where endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) resulted in noncurative treatment. It is focused on those with deep submucosal invasion, a factor considered a weak predictor of lymph node metastasis in the absence of other risk factors.

Methods: This nationwide, multicenter, prospective study conducted a post-hoc analysis of 141 patients with T1 colorectal cancer ≥20 mm where ESD of the lesion resulted in noncurative outcomes, characterized by poor differentiation, deep submucosal invasion (≥1000 μm), lymphovascular invasion, high-grade tumor budding, or positive vertical margins.

Smartphone application for artificial intelligence-based evaluation of stool state during bowel preparation before colonoscopy.

Objectives: Colonoscopy (CS) is an important screening method for the early detection and removal of precancerous lesions. The stool state during bowel preparation (BP) should be properly evaluated to perform CS with sufficient quality. This study aimed to develop a smartphone application (app) with an artificial intelligence (AI) model for stool state evaluation during BP and to investigate whether the use of the app could maintain an adequate quality of CS.

Usefulness of virtual scale endoscope for early gastrointestinal lesions.

Objectives: For early gastrointestinal lesions, size is an important factor in the selection of treatment. Virtual scale endoscope (VSE) is a newly developed endoscope that can measure size more accurately than visual measurement. This study aimed to investigate whether VSE measurement is accurate for early gastrointestinal lesions of various sizes and morphologies.

Protocol for a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) observation in the detection of colorectal lesions (deTXIon study).

Colonoscopy is the gold standard for detecting and resecting adenomas or early stage cancers to reduce the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer. In a recent observational study, texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) was reported to improve polyp detection during colonoscopy. This randomized controlled trial involving six Japanese institutions aims to confirm the superiority of TXI over standard white-light imaging (WLI) in detecting colorectal lesions during colonoscopy.

Outcomes of repeated endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma on endoscopic resection scar.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can be performed for superficial esophageal cancer. However, performing ESD for superficial esophageal cancer on a previous endoscopic resection scar may be difficult.

Methods: We compared the outcomes between ESD for superficial esophageal cancers on previous endoscopic resection scar (group A) and that for naïve lesions (group B).