Long-Term Survey of Japanese Children with Recurrent Nephroblastoma: A Report from Japan Children's Cancer Group.

In prospective Japanese studies of pediatric renal tumors, 5-year event-free survival and overall survival (OS) for patients with nephroblastoma ranges from 75-90% and 89-97%, respectively. However, treatments strategies for recurrent nephroblastoma in Japanese patients remain unclear. This retrospective study aimed to inform the development of treatment strategies by analyzing the long-term results and side effects of salvage therapies for recurrent nephroblastoma in Japan.

A Case of an Extremely Preterm Infant with Intussusception Triggered by Acquired Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Intussusception is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants aged 6-18 months. However, intussusception in preterm neonates (IPN) is an exceedingly rare disorder. The etiology of IPN remains unclear, but common prenatal injuries, such as those causing intestinal hypoxia/hypoperfusion, dysmotility, and strictures, have been proposed as possible contributing factors.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings in testicular torsion and non-testicular torsion.

Purpose: Testicular torsion requires emergency surgery; thus, prompt and correct diagnosis is very important. Ultrasound with color Doppler is usually the first-choice modality for diagnosis; however, skill and experience are required for confident diagnosis. Recently, contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of testicular torsion has been reported, but there have been only a few reports.

Infantile type I pleuropulmonary blastoma presenting with dyspnea due to compression by pneumothorax and an occupying tumor: a case report.

Background: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is an extremely rare and malignant pediatric lung tumor. Purely cystic PPB has a more favorable prognosis than solid PPB, but may be difficult to distinguish from a certain type of "benign" congenital pulmonary airway malformation before and during surgery. The influence of tumor rupture on long life prognosis has not been clarified in detail.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings in torsion of the appendix testis or epididymis in children: a case series.

Purpose: Torsion of the appendix testis or epididymis is a cause of acute scrotum in children. Ultrasonography with color Doppler is the first-choice modality for diagnosis. However, this method requires skill and experience to make a diagnosis with confidence.

Challenging management of a baby with congenital multiple intestinal atresia, trisomy 18 and extremely low birth weight: a case report.

Background: Extremely low birth weight (< 1000 g) still influences postsurgical prognosis in the neonatal and infantile periods. Additionally, the life expectancy of neonates with trisomy 18 is extremely poor owing to various comorbidities. Therefore, it takes courage to perform laparotomy for the purpose of treatment of congenital multiple intestinal atresia in a baby with an unpredictable life prognosis.

Axillary skin crease incision versus conventional posterolateral incision in open repair of patent ductus arteriosus for extremely low birth weight infants: a retrospective study.

Background: Thoracotomy with posterolateral incision (PLI) is commonly used for surgical repair of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Some reports have described thoracotomy for PDA using an axillary skin crease incision (ASCI) in consideration of cosmetic problems such as surgical wounds and thoracic deformities, but the details remain unclear.

Methods: In this study, we performed clipping ligation by thoracotomy with ASCI for ELBW infants with PDA from 2011 to 2015 for the purpose of improving cosmetic results, and retrospectively compared the results with those for conventional PLI cases performed from 2016 to 2020.

Neonatal necrotizing fasciitis with gas gangrene due to peripherally inserted central catheter-related infection.

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis in neonates is a rare and life-threatening infection involving necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous tissues, deep fascia, and sometimes underlying muscles, with a fulminant course and high mortality rate. Necrotizing fasciitis with gas gangrene related to infection of a peripherally inserted central catheter is very rare.

Case Presentation: The patient was a full-term female neonate born by vaginal delivery.

Median sternotomy approach for the repair of esophageal atresia: a case report.

Background: Repair of esophageal atresia is usually performed through the right thoracic cavity. However, when the upper pouch of the esophagus and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is located in the thoracic inlet and completely on the left side of trachea, it is difficult to dissect and anastomose the esophagus through the right thoracic cavity. We present a case of esophageal atresia, with the esophageal upper pouch located high and completely on the left side of trachea, successfully repaired via the median sternotomy approach.

Hemi-Clamshell Approach for Fetal Lung Interstitial Tumor Resection in a Neonate: A Case Report.

Fetal lung interstitial tumor (FLIT) is a rare primary lung mass in neonates. Classical incisions, such as posterolateral thoracotomy or median sternotomy, do not provide optimal exposure of the operative field for the resection of pediatric thoracic giant tumors. Herein, we report a rare case of a FLIT in a full-term male neonate, with complete resection achieved using a hemi-clamshell approach, which provided the required visualization of the operative field.

Epithelial and ganglionic distribution at the distal rectal end in anorectal malformations: could it play a role in anastomotic adaptation?

Purpose: In anorectal malformations (ARMs), the epithelium of the distal rectal end is not well described. We histomorphologically evaluated epithelial and ganglionic distribution in the distal rectal end of ARMs resected during anorectoplasty to assess similarities and differences with normal anal canal structure.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, specimens from 60 ARM patients (27 males, 33 females) treated between 2008 and 2019 were evaluated.

Histological features of complete tracheal rings in congenital tracheal stenosis.

Purpose: Congenital tracheal stenosis is a disease in which complete tracheal cartilage rings (CTCR) cause airway narrowing. Although tracheal cartilage malformation has been suggested as a cause of CTCR, no histological studies have been performed. Here, we report a comparison of the tissues from CTCR and normal tracheal cartilage.

Mechanism of pancreatic juice reflux in pancreaticobiliary maljunction: A fluid dynamics model experiment.

Background: Pancreatic juice reflux to the common bile duct and gallbladder is observed in the pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), and various pathological conditions occur in the biliary tract. However, the mechanism of pancreatic juice reflux has not been discussed yet. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon from the perspective of the fluid dynamics theory.

Risk factors for the recurrence of perineal canal.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for recurrence in the perineal canal (PC).

Methods: Patients with PC who underwent operations were enrolled in this study and were divided into recurrence and non-recurrence groups. Preoperative infection, the age at the operation, the presence of colostomy and the treatment procedure for fistula were retrospectively investigated.

Dilatation of the common channel in pediatric congenital biliary dilatation remaining after radical operation.

Background: In congenital biliary dilatation, the protein plug is likely impacted, especially in a dilated common channel. However, nobody has discussed whether this dilatation of common channel remains after radical operation. The aim of this study was to investigate the situation of the dilated common channel after radical operation.

Clinical features and risk factors of bile duct perforation associated with pediatric congenital biliary dilatation.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and risk factors of bile duct perforation in pediatric congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) patients.

Methods: CBD patients, whose initial symptom was abdominal pain, were enrolled in this study and were divided into perforated and non-perforated groups. The clinical features of the perforated group were investigated.

A case of biliary atresia with pancreaticobiliary maljunction.

Background: The pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA) is still unknown. There are several reports on the etiology of BA, including pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM). We experienced a case of Kasai type IIIa BA with PBM, in which we found elevation of pancreatic enzymes in the gallbladder.

Predictive factor for intraoperative tumor rupture of Wilms tumor.

Purpose: For Wilms tumor, intraoperative tumor rupture with wide tumor spillage during surgical manipulation raises the classification to stage 3. Then, postoperative chemotherapy must be more intensive, and abdominal radiotherapy is added. Therefore, intraoperative tumor rupture should be avoided if possible.

Evaluation of the intraoperative risk factors for esophageal anastomotic complications after primary repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors for esophageal anastomotic stricture (EAS) and/or anastomotic leakage (EAL) after primary repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) in infants.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 52 patients with congenital EA/TEF between January 2000 and December 2015 was conducted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for anastomotic complications.