Automatic measurements with the Pille-ISS thermoluminescent dosimeter system on board the International Space Station (2003-2021).

The health risk of staying in space is a well-known fact, and the radiation doses to the astronauts must be monitored. The Pille-ISS thermoluminescent dosimeter system is present on the International Space Station (ISS) since 2003. We present an analysis of 60000 data points over 19 years from the 90 min automatic measurements and show a 4-day-long segment of 15 min measurements.

Bi-Po alpha source for the calibration and functional testing of silicon detectors: Preparation and characterisation.

Silicon detectors are widely used in space radiation dosimeter systems for measuring energetic charged particles. Calibration of such systems is usually performed with protons and heavier ions in high energy particle accelerators. For preliminary energy calibration and functional testing of silicon detectors, at any time during the development, an equipment producing a thin Bi-Po alpha particle emitting source was designed and constructed.

SPACE DOSIMETRY MEASUREMENTS IN THE STRATOSPHERE USING DIFFERENT ACTIVE AND PASSIVE DOSIMETRY SYSTEMS.

Several measurements have been performed on the cosmic radiation field from the surface of the Earth up to the maximum altitudes of research aeroplanes. However, there is only limited information about that between 15 and 30 km altitudes. In order to study the radiation environment in the stratosphere, an experiment was built by students from Hungarian universities that flew on board the BEXUS (Balloon Experiments for University Students) stratospheric balloon in Northern Sweden, from the ESRANGE Space Center.

Determination of serum propofol concentrations by breath analysis using ion mobility spectrometry.

Background: We aimed to measure propofol concentrations in exhaled air with an ion mobility spectrometer coupled to a multicapillary column for pre-separation (MCC-IMS). In addition, we aimed to compare the values of these measurements with serum propofol concentrations, as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Methods: Thirteen patients, ASA I or II, undergoing elective ENT surgery were studied.

[Teaching and simulation. Methods, demands, evaluation and visions].

Since 1st October 2003 the new German "Approbationsordnung für Arzte" (Medical Licensing Regulations) requires an increasing amount of small group teaching sessions and encourages a multidisciplinary and more practical approach to the related topics. In 2004 the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine has provided almost all anaesthesia faculties of German Universities with equipment for full-scale simulation. This article describes methods for a simulation-based medical education training program.

[New pathways in undergraduate medical education - first experiences with the cross section speciality emergency and intensive care medicine].

Objective: On October 1 (st) 2003 Emergency Medicine was recognised for the first time as an independent cross section speciality in the new German "Approbationsordnung fuer Aerzte" (Medical Licensing Regulations). These amendments were made not only to increase the amount of small group teaching sessions but also to encourage a multidisciplinary and rather practical approach to the related topics. This article portrays the realisation of these objectives in form of a multidisciplinary module, as it has been established at University of Göttingen Medical School since the summer semester of 2004.

[Pain therapy in tumor patients and in palliative medicine. 1: Drug therapy].

Like other industrial countries Germany experiences a significant increase of cancer prevalence. Recent advances in the treatment of various types of cancer resulted in prolonged survivaltimes of patients. Cancer--especially in advanced incurable stages--often is accompanied by severe pain.