An outbreak of hepatitis C virus attributed to the use of multi-dose vials at a colonoscopy clinic, Waterloo Region, Ontario.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission has been epidemiologically linked to healthcare settings, particularly out-of-hospital settings such as endoscopy clinics and hemodialysis clinics. These have been largely attributed to lapses in infection prevention and control practices (IPAC).

Objective: To describe the public health response to an outbreak of HCV that was detected among patients of a colonoscopy clinic in Ontario, and to highlight the risks of using multi-dose vials and the need for improved IPAC practices in out-of-hospital settings.

Utilizing public health core competencies to share data effectively with community organizations to promote health equity.

Objectives: This article utilizes an adapted model for research transfer to highlight the important role of Local Public Health Agencies (LPHAs) to share data more effectively with local community organizations to advance health equity.

Methods: A literature review related to public health data sharing with local community partners was conducted using Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases and grey literature sources with 12 articles included for analysis. Six LPHAs distributed an online survey to 405 local community organizations to define their current data uses and needs.

Paediatric tuberculosis among the foreign-born: utility of the Canadian TB immigration medical surveillance programme.

Background: There are few data on the utility of screening paediatric immigrants for tuberculosis (TB) in low TB burden countries.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of the Canadian immigration medical examination and TB Medical Surveillance (TBMS) for detecting paediatric TB disease.

Design: A 10-year population-based retrospective cohort study of foreign-born children (ages 0-10 years) and adolescents (ages 11-17 years) immigrating to Ontario, Canada, using linked immigration and public health databases.

Domestic impact of tuberculosis screening among new immigrants to Ontario, Canada.

Background: All Canadian immigrants undergo screening for tuberculosis (TB) before immigration, and selected immigrants must undergo postimmigration surveillance for the disease. We sought to quantify the domestic health impact of screening for TB in all new immigrants and to identify mechanisms to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of this screening.

Methods: We linked preimmigration medical examination records from 944,375 immigrants who settled in Ontario between 2002 and 2011 to active TB reporting data in Ontario between 2002 and 2011.

The rapid prototyping of anatomic models in pulmonary atresia.

Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the utility and accuracy of solid anatomic models constructed with rapid prototyping technology for surgical planning in patients with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries.

Methods: In 6 patients with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, anatomic models of the pulmonary vasculature were rapid prototyped from computed tomographic angiographic data. The surgeons used the models for preoperative and intraoperative planning.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of bronchocentric granulomatosis: a potential diagnostic pitfall.

Bronchocentric granulomatosis (BCTG) is a rare disease associated with bronchial asthma and bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Idiopathic forms are rarely encountered. We report on a case of BCTG showing clinical, radiological, and cytological evidence suggestive of adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Cardiac compression and decompensation due to hiatus hernia.

A seventy-seven year old man with long standing hiatus hernia, coronary artery disease and pulmonary fibrosis developed left atrial compression from incarceration of a paraesophageal hernia.

Transepithelial water movement in response to carbamazepine, chlorpropamide and demeclocycline in toad urinary bladder.

1. Osmotic water movement across toad isolated hemibladders was measured by a gravimetric method. 2.

Successful management of sequential pulmonary infections in a cardiac transplant recipient.

A case of a cardiac allograft recipient who had an initial combined pulmonary infection with cytomegalovirus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Nocardia asteroides, successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B and sulfisoxazole and followed by an episode of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis, is presented. This case illustrates the role of computed tomographic imaging in the recognition, diagnosis and monitoring of complex opportunistic pulmonary infections and the benefits of liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of aspergillosis.

Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of postoperative bronchopleural fistula.

The diagnosis and closure of small postresection bronchopleural fistulae can be accomplished with selective bronchography and placement of fibrin sealant through the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. This method of diagnosis and closure of the bronchopleural fistula avoids both general anesthesia and a thoracotomy. This technique is successful in small bronchopleural fistulae and patients with multiple postresection bronchial stumps.

Cardiac levorotation: a cause of false-positive epicardial fat pad sign.

In a 60-year-old man, two chest radiographs showed an apparently thickened pericardial stripe. Echocardiography and surgery for aortic valve replacement showed no pericardial fluid or thickening. An angiocardiogram showed that the patient's right coronary artery was positioned more medially than usual because of levorotation of the heart, producing the false-positive fat pad sign.

The effects of diabetes mellitus, exercise, and single doses of biguanides upon lactate metabolism in man.

The polymorphism of phenformin oxidation has been investigated in 103 non-insulin-dependent (Type II) diabetics. The frequency distribution was clearly bimodal and 14 poor metabolisers were identified. The frequency of the recessive allele (0.

Pericardial abscess: diagnosis using two-dimensional echocardiography and CT.

Two cases of pericardial abscess were identified preoperatively using two-dimensional echocardiography and computed tomography (CT). In one patient the diagnosis was confirmed by needle aspiration of pus under CT guidance. Findings in both cases were similar, which suggests a common pathogenetic mechanism.

A comparative study of the bioavailability of five different phenytoin preparations.

The concentration of phenytoin in saliva has been measured in 8 healthy volunteers at intervals after an intravenous dose and after single oral doses of five formulations commercially available in the United Kingdom. The six doses (all 300 mg) were given in random order and at least one week apart. There were no significant differences in the mean values of the peak saliva concentration, the time-to-peak and the area under the saliva concentration-time curve between the five oral formulations.

Experimental pulmonary emboli detected using magnetic resonance.

Experimental pulmonary emboli that were labelled with non-magnetic barium threads and produced using aminocaproic acid were introduced into the internal jugular veins of five dogs. Transverse axial magnetic resonance (MR) images (0.35 T, 15 MHz) and CT scans (2.

EKG-gated digital subtraction angiography in the detection of pulmonary emboli.

Detection of pulmonary emboli was investigated using electrocardiographically gated (EKG-gated) intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 6 anesthetized and paralyzed dogs. Six autologous blood clots were introduced into the internal jugular vein of each dog and both conventional pulmonary angiography and EKG-gated DSA performed in frontal and oblique projections. When two observers scored any definite or equivocal embolus as positive, sensitivity was 82.

Posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius: radiographic-CT correlation.

The posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius (PWBI) is visible on lateral chest radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans and can become abnormally thickened in the presence of right hilar disease. The appearances of the PWBI on plain radiographs and CT were correlated in groups of 20 normal patients and 20 patients with a right hilar abnormality. Among 10 patients with an abnormal hilum who had thickening of the PWBI on CT, the lateral radiograph showed thickening of similar degrees in seven.

Effects of a long-acting analogue of LH releasing hormone on human and rat corpora lutea.

Dispersed luteal cells were prepared both from samples of human corpora lutea obtained during normal menstrual cycles and from luteinized rat ovaries of animals pretreated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Addition of the long-acting analogue, D-Ala6-des-Gly10-LH releasing hormone ethylamide (D-Ala6-LHRH), to rat luteal cells caused a small but significant increase in progesterone production. An inhibitory action of the analogue on hCG-stimulated steroidogenesis by rat luteal cells was confirmed.

Intrathoracic adenopathy: differential feature of AIDS and diffuse lymphadenopathy syndrome.

The presence of mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy was assessed from the chest radiographs of two groups of homosexual men: 30 with diffuse, persistent lymphadenopathy syndrome and 45 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Intrathoracic adenopathy was not seen on the chest radiographs of the 30 men having diffuse, persistent lymphadenopathy and is therefore not a manifestation of that syndrome. Nine of the 45 men with AIDS demonstrated intrathoracic adenopathy.

Isolated ventricular inversion: two-dimensional echocardiographic findings and a review of the literature.

In a cyanotic newborn infant, the diagnosis of isolated ventricular inversion in situs solitus was made from the two-dimensional echocardiographic examination and later confirmed at cardiac catheterization and surgery. The four-chamber views were especially useful for identifying the normal atrial situs and discordant atrioventricular connections in this infant. The normal relationships of the great arteries to each other (aortic valve rightward, posterior, and inferior to the pulmonary valve; great arteries coiled around each other) and to the ventricles (mitral-aortic fibrous continuity, well-developed subpulmonic conus) were well defined in the subcostal views.