HRCT diagnosis of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in a patient of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pulmonary hypertension and clinical or radiograph suspicion of pulmonary fibrosis.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a unique pulmonary condition characterized by simultaneous coexistence of both upper lobe emphysema and lower lobe fibrosis. Pulmonologists should be aware of the entity while evaluating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pulmonary fibrosis. Airflow and lung volume are relatively preserved but oxygenation is disproportionately impaired in patients with CPFE.