Novel protocol for fouling detection of reverse osmosis membrane based on methylene blue colorimetric method by image processing technique.

In the current study, a novel methylene blue (MB)-based colorimetric method for a quick, inexpensive, and facile approach for the determination of fouling intensity of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane has been reported. This technique is based on the interaction of MB with the organic foulants and shows the corresponding change in the colour intensity depending on the severity of fouling. The organic foulants, such as albumin, sodium alginate, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were chosen as model foulants, and the membranes were subjected to foul under extreme fouling conditions.

Highly selective and antifouling reverse osmosis membrane by crosslinkers induced surface modification.

Post treatment is a very competent and scalable approach to develop the higher water-flux and salt-rejection membrane since it does not require any change in existing manufacturing process. The virgin Thin Film Composite Reverse Osmosis (TFC-RO) membrane was exposed to various concentrations of Poly (ethylene Glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) after activation with sodium hypochlorite for 1 h. Crosslinkers modified membranes were characterized for degree of wettability by contact angle analyses, surface morphology and surface roughness study by Scanning electron micrographs and Atomic force micrographs, chemical structural modifications by Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy.

A novel Polysulfone/Iron-Nickel oxide nanocomposite membrane for removal of heavy metal and protein from water.

Making a nanocomposite membrane is an effective way of producing membranes with desired functionality, better permeance. In this work, virgin polysulfone ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and nanocomposite membranes with different concentrations ranging from 100 to 2,000 mg/L iron-nickel oxide in polysulfone matrix were prepared by phase inversion method. The performances of prepared membranes were evaluated by pure water permeance testing, protein rejection, and lead rejection.

Preparation and performance of biofouling resistant PAN/chitosan hollow fiber membranes.

The preparation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fiber (HF) membranes has been carried out by dry-jet wet spinning. PAN HF membranes were coated with chitosan biopolymers 2 wt% by dip coating and further crosslinked by chemical reagents (Tri sodium polyphosphate). PAN HF (Virgin) and PAN/chitosan coated membrane were characterized by SEM and tested for water flux.

Role of Raktamokshana by Jalaukavacharana and Siravedhana in the management of Vicharchika (Eczema).

Eczema is most common skin disease which has social impact. The clinical picture of Eczema resembles with Vicharchika-a skin problem mentioned in Ayurvedic literature with Kapha and Pitta morbidly/pathology. In classical text of Ayurveda, Acharyas emphasize the Shodhana therapy as the line of treatment at various places.