Identifying Drug Prescription in Newly Diagnosed Hypertension Patients in India.

This study evaluated initial antihypertensive drug prescription patterns in Indian healthcare settings. An observational, cross-sectional, prospective prescription registry analyzed prescriptions for 4723 newly diagnosed hypertension patients. Additionally, it investigated the extent to which physicians adhered to either European or Indian hypertension guidelines.

Indian Experience with Vericiguat: A Review Based upon Case Series.

Heart failure (HF) is a condition that can result in repeated hospitalizations every year and can result in worsening HF (WHF). Although current pharmacological treatment for HF is fairly effective, there is a need to lower the residual risk of cardiovascular events and hospitalizations. Vericiguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, a new entrant, seems to present a promising therapeutic option for HF with signs of worsening, and early initiation of this therapy may be beneficial in certain patient profiles.

Epidemiological investigation of ASF outbreaks in Kerala (India): detection, source tracing and economic implications.

This study investigates suspected African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in two villages of Kannur district in Kerala, India, with the aim of identifying the causative agent and its genotype, the source of infection, and estimating the economic losses due to the outbreaks. Clinically, the disease was acute with high mortality, while gross pathology was characterized by widespread haemorrhages in various organs, especially the spleen, which was dark, enlarged and had friable cut surfaces with diffuse haemorrhages. Notably, histopathological examination revealed multifocal, diffuse haemorrhages in the splenic parenchyma and lymphoid depletion accompanied by lymphoid cell necrosis.

Cardiovascular Compatibility of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Practice Recommendations.

This manuscript aims to critically evaluate the current evidence regarding adverse cardiovascular effects associated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). It also provides guidance for the selection of the most appropriate PPI within the context of cardiovascular polypharmacy and emphasizes the importance of establishing consensus among clinicians on the need to prescribe PPIs with limited cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme inhibition to reduce the risk of drug interactions. PPIs are among the most widely used drugs for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the prevention of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.

Practical Recommendations for the Use of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNI) in Heart Failure: Insights from Indian Cardiologists.

Heart failure is a significant public health concern characterized by notable rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite the presence of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), its utilization remains inadequate. This practical recommendation paper focuses on the utilization of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) as a pivotal treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF).

Seroprevalence of Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in India: A 5-year study.

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a highly contagious disease of bovines causing respiratory symptoms, abortions, and reduced milk yield, leading to huge economic losses. Reports on seroprevalence in bovines in India are available and restricted to districts/states. In the present study, a nationwide seroprevalence of IBR in bovines was conducted to provide a national IBR seroprevalence to the Chief Veterinarian who in turn can design the control strategies.

Clinical Decision Pathway for the Use of Fondaparinux in the Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in Hospitals with and Without Catheter Laboratories: An Expert Opinion from India.

The current recommendations by Indian experts who are focused on the challenges in the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in rural areas, due to limited catheterization (CATH) lab facilities and interventional cardiologist coverage across the country, are described. 120 cardiologist experts drafted recommendations during ten advisory board meetings conducted from April to May 2022. Experts framed statements based on experience, collective clinical judgment from practical experience, and available scientific evidence regarding ACS.

Characterization of humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by reduced doses of Brucella abortus S19 (calfhood) vaccine in cattle calves of India.

Brucella abortus S19 vaccine is a stable attenuated smooth strain, globally used as calfhood vaccine for the prevention of bovine brucellosis. Various agencies demonstrated different doses for vaccinating cattle and buffalo calves leading to ambiguity in selecting a suitable immune vaccine dose. The current study aimed at evaluating four graded doses of S19 vaccine to arrive at the dose which could produce comparable effectiveness as that of full dose prescribed by Indian Pharmacopeia among the Indian calves.

Bempedoic Acid for Lipid Management in the Indian Population: An Expert Opinion.

Lipid-lowering is a central theme in the management of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH), with statins being currently used as the first-line lipid-lowering agent (LLAs). Bempedoic acid (BA) has been recently approved for lipid management in ASCVD/HeFH patients. This expert opinion paper brings out the essential concept to assess the current place of BA in the Indian population.

Correlation between Stroke Risk and Systolic Blood Pressure in Patients over 50 Years with Uncontrolled Hypertension: Results from the SYSTUP-India Study.

Objectives: To assess mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) levels in patients ≥50 years with uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) and evaluate the correlation between BP and stroke risk. It also assessed therapeutic drug classes prescribed in these patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at 176 outpatient centers across India, including patients aged ≥50 years with elevated SBP (≥140 mmHg).

Spatial seroprevalence of classical swine fever in India.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious dreadful disease of pigs leading to 100% mortality in acute form in susceptible population thereby causing huge economic loss to pig farmers. This study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence of CSF at national level. A two-stage random sampling methodology was adopted that included 271 villages from 115 districts of India.

Animal disease surveillance: Its importance & present status in India.

Animal disease surveillance encompasses systematic collection of long-term data on disease events, risk factors and other relevant parameters followed by analyzing the same with reference to temporal and spatial characteristics to arrive at a conclusion so that necessary preventive measures can be taken. In India, the animal disease surveillance is done through National Animal Disease Reporting System, which is a web-based information technology system for disease reporting from States and Union Territories with the aim to record, monitor livestock disease situation and to initiate the preventive and curative action in a swift manner during disease emergencies. National Animal Disease Referral Expert System is a dynamic geographic information system and remote sensing-enabled expert system that captures an incidence of 13 economically important livestock diseases from all over the country and also provides livestock disease forecasting.

Development of recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for sero-survey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.

Background And Aim: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease endemic in many countries and is of economic importance. India was free from PRRS until the first outbreak was reported from a North-East Indian state in 2013. Since then, disease outbreaks have been reported from North-East India and the pilot study conducted earlier showed that it is gradually spreading to the rest of India.

Evaluation of treatments on physiological attributes and production of diterpenoids in (Burm.f.) Nees.

Background: An ancient text on plant life mentions the use of horticulture treatments, (KJ) and (PG) (cow milk, cow ghee, cow curd, cow dung, and cow urine) to enhance the efficiency of plants.

Aim: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of KJ and PG application on total leaf area, leaf area index (LAI) leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR); production of andrographolide (A1), neoandrographolide (A2), and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (A3) of the (Burm.f.

A retrospective cohort study exploring diltiazem as a pharmaco-enhancer for tacrolimus, in a post-heart transplant setting.

Background: A significant proportion of heart transplant-associated expenditure are attributable to immunosuppressants. Post-transplant hypertension adds to the pill burden and subsequent costs. In this study, we describe the effect of diltiazem-the antihypertensive and pharmaco-enhancer-on reducing the required oral dose of tacrolimus.

Evaluation of the immune responses against reduced doses of Brucella abortus S19 (calfhood) vaccine in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), India.

Background: Brucella abortus S19 is the most widely used vaccine for the prevention of bovine brucellosis which remains the reference vaccine to which many other vaccine/s are compared. Considering the larger vaccination coverage by reduced dose of vaccine, the study aimed to compare reduced graded doses (1/10th, 1/20th and 1/100th) with standard dose of S19 vaccine (40 × 10CFU /dose) to determine the effective immunizing dose in water buffaloes.

Methods: A total of 25 female buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) in the age group of 4-5 months were equally grouped into five animals each in four test and one control groups and given with specified vaccine dose.

Traditional Horticulture Practices Increase the Production of Selected Withanolides in Withania Somnifera (L.) Dunal-A RP-UFLC Analysis.

The study evaluates the effect of two traditional horticulture treatments mentioned in Vrikshayurveda, a text from ancient India on the science of plant life, namely Kunapa jala (KJ) and Pancha gavya (PG) on the production of Withaferin A (WFA), withanolide A (WIA) and Withanolide B (WIB) in Withania somnifera (L) Dunal. Leaves and roots of W. somnifera were collected from different treated groups viz.

SUPPORT-1 (Subjects Undergoing PCI and Perioperative Reperfusion Treatment): A Prospective, Randomized Trial of CMX-2043 in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Objective: The natural molecule α-lipoic acid has been shown to be partially cytoprotective through antioxidant and antiapoptotic mechanisms. To obtain an initial assessment of the safety and potential efficacy of a synthetic derivative, CMX-2043, in preventing ischemic complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) we conducted the Subjects Undergoing PCI and Perioperative Reperfusion Treatment (SUPPORT-1) trial, the first patient experience with this agent.

Methods And Results: SUPPORT-1 was a phase 2a, 6-center, international, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial.

Self-blood pressure measurement as compared to office blood pressure measurement in a large Indian population; the India Heart Study.

Objective: India Heart Study (IHS) is aimed at investigating the agreement between office blood pressure measurement (OBPM) and self (S)BPM in a hypertension-naive population.

Methods: A total of 18 918 individuals (aged 42.6 ± 11.

Pulmonary inflammatory response to influenza virus infection in pigs is regulated by DAP12 and macrophage M1 and M2 phenotypes.

We delineated the expression of DAP12 (DNAX-Activating Protein) and its associated receptors, TREM-1, TREM-2 and MDL-1 in pig alveolar monocyte/macrophages (AMM) that have attained M1 or M2 phenotypes. Pig AMM stimulated in vitro with IFN-γ and IL-4 induced the expression of M1 (TNFα and iNOS) and M2 (ARG1 and no MMR) phenotypic markers, respectively. In influenza virus infected pigs at seven days post-infection, in addition to substantial modulations in the M1 and M2 markers expression, DAP12, TREM-1 and MDL-1 were downregulated in AMM.

An Efficient, Lung-Targeted, Drug-Delivery System To Treat Asthma Via Microparticles.

Background: Chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, and heart disease are the leading causes of death in developing countries. Public health plays an important role in preventing such diseases to improve individuals' quality of life. Conventional dosage schemes used in public health to cure various diseases generally lead to undesirable side effects and renders the overall treatment ineffective.