Promoting mechanism by bile salt related to water absorption in drug rectal absorption.

The promoting mechanism by bile salts in rat rectal absorption of antipyrine was studied by the in situ recirculating perfusion. The significant correlation between rectal absorption clearance (CLAP) of antipyrine (AP) and apparent water influx (influx') was found in the control without promoters, indicating the existence of solvent drag in the AP rectal absorption. Sieving coefficient of AP (bAP), i.

Solvent drag in jejunal absorption of salicylic acid and antipyrine obtained by in situ single-pass perfusion method in rat.

The in situ single-pass perfusion method in an individual rat was developed to discuss the solvent drag in drug intestinal absorption without the individual differences. In this method the apparent water influx (influx') was used as a measure of solvent drag in the same manner as the previous paper. Consequently the sieving coefficients of salicylic acid and antipyrine in one rat are not significantly different from one but in the other are significantly smaller than one, resulting in 0.

Diurnal fluctuation of blood ammonia levels in adult-type citrullinemia.

A 48-year-old man, who was diagnosed as adult-type citrullinemia by quantitative estimation of urea cycle enzymes in the liver, showed a regular nocturnal rise of blood ammonia level. In order to elucidate the mechanism of diurnal fluctuation of blood ammonia level, the patient was put into fasting state for four days. The blood ammonia level rose at the night of the first fasting day even though no food was taken, then it decreased gradually and reached the lowest level in the morning of the third fasting day.