Relationship between the effect of dietary fat on swimming endurance and energy metabolism in aged mice.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different dietary fats on alterations in endurance, energy metabolism, and plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and minerals in mice.

Method: Male mice (aged 58 weeks) were fed diets containing 6% safflower oil, fish oil, or lard for 12 weeks. Swimming time to exhaustion, energy metabolism, and plasma IL-6 levels were subsequently determined.

The effect of methanol extracts of tsao-ko (Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire) on digestive enzyme and antioxidant activity in vitro, and plasma lipids and glucose and liver lipids in mice.

Our previous study showed that tsao-ko intake can lower plasma and liver triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations and has hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity in mice. This study involved separating two major fractions (A and B) from the methanol extracts (MeX) of tsao-ko using silica gel column chromatography, and then determining the effect of the fractions in vivo and in vitro to clarify the most effective components of tsao-ko. An intake of MeX and A fraction statistically significantly reduced body lipids and plasma thiobarbitutic acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations compared with the control and inhibited lipase and alpha-glucosidase activities.

A comparative study of the effects of erabu sea snake (Laticauda semifasciata) lipids, green tea extract and conjugated linoleic acid on the swimming endurance of mice.

The aim of this study was to assess the interaction between physical and biochemical parameters in mice fed 1 % sea snake lipids (SSL) and compare these with animals fed diets containing 0.2 % green tea extract (GTE) or 0.5 % conjugated linoleic acid (CLA).

L-lactic acid's improvement of swimming endurance in mice.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of L-lactic acid on swimming endurance of mice. Mice (n = 50) were injected intraperitoneally with saline, then with L-lactic acid (either 25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg body weight), then after 2 days with the same doses of glucose, and after another 2 days again with L-lactic acid at the same doses. Swimming times to exhaustion were determined at 30 min after each injection, in a tank filled with 25 cm of water maintained at 23 degrees C.

Effect of collagen hydrolysates from salmon and trout skins on the lipid profile in rats.

The effect of collagen hydrolysates from fish skins on lipid profile was assessed in rats administered chum salmon or rainbow trout collagen peptide. Single oral administration of soybean oil with or without one of either type of fish collagen peptide demonstrated that rat plasma triglycerides were significantly decreased 2 h later after the intake of oil and peptide mixtures (p < 0.05).

Effects of yogurt supplemented with fish oil on plasma lipid and glucose concentrations, and liver lipid contents in mice.

The aim of this study is to clarify the effects of yogurt supplemented with fish oil on plasma lipid and glucose concentrations, and hepatic lipid contents in mice. Male Crlj:CD-1 (ICR) mice were fed five experimental diets for 12 weeks. The experimental diets were as follows: without yogurt and fish oil (control diet); 10% (w/w) yogurt without fish oil [10% FO(-)]; 10% yogurt with fish oil [10% FO(+)]; 30% yogurt without fish oil [30% FO(-)]; 30% yogurt with fish oil [30% FO(+)].

Effect of lipid extracted from tsao-ko (Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire) on digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant activity, plasma and liver lipids, and blood glucose levels of mice.

Lipids extracted from tsao-ko were separated into three fractions with silica gel column chromatography and fed to mice (3 mo old) for 90 d to clarify their inhibitory activity on digestive enzyme activity. The diets contained the following: control--no tsao-ko, 0.05% total lipid of tsao-ko (TL), 0.

Effects of herring roe on plasma lipid, glucose, insulin and adiponectin levels, and hepatic lipid contents in mice.

We previously reported that lipids extracted from salted herring roe product (Kazunoko), which contains large amounts of cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), decreased plasma lipid and glucose concentrations in mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Kazunoko containing large amounts of protein on lipid and glucose metabolism in mice. Male Crlj:CD-1 (ICR) mice were fed three experimental diets containing lyophilized Kazunoko for 12 wk.

Effects of simultaneous intakes of fish oil and green tea extracts on plasma, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and adiponectin and on liver lipid concentrations in mice fed low- and high-fat diets.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of a simultaneous intake of fish oil and green tea extracts (GTE) on plasma lipids, glucose (Glu), insulin, C-peptide, and adiponectin concentrations and on liver lipids in mice fed low- and high-fat diets.

Methods: Male mice (5 months old) were fed low-fat (5%) or high-fat (20%) diets containing 0% (5 or 20% lard), 1% (4 or 19% lard) or 5% (0 or 15% lard) fish oil with or without 1% GTE for 3 months.

Results: Single or combined intakes of fish oil and GTE intakes significantly lowered plasma and liver total cholesterol (T-chol) and triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations in mice on high-fat diets.

Dietary phosphatidylcholine improves maze-learning performance in adult mice.

The effect of phosphatidylcholine (PC) on maze-learning performance was investigated in adult mice. Three-month-old mice were given a semipurified diet of 1%, 2.5%, or 5% PC over a period of 4 months, with their maze-learning ability assessed beginning at 3 months after the start of the experiment and again 4 and 8 days later.

Effect of Erabu sea snake (Laticauda semifasciata) lipids on the swimming endurance of aged mice.

The effect of Erabu sea snake (Laticauda semifasciata) lipids on the swimming endurance was investigated in aged mice. Fifty three-week-old male Crlj:CD-1 (ICR) mice were fed one of three experimental diets containing either 6% lard, 6% fish oil, or 6% sea snake lipids for 16 wk. The swimming exercise was carried out in an acrylic plastic tank filled with 25 cm of water maintained at 23(o)C.

Levels of plasma insulin, leptin and adiponectin, and activities of key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver in fasted ICR mice fed dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms related to plasma glucose concentration in mice fed a diet rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). Male Crlj:CD-1 (ICR) mice were fed experimental diets containing 6% lard (LD), 6% fish oil (FO) or 4.1% lard plus 1.

Effect of Erabu sea snake (Laticauda semifasciata) lipids on the swimming endurance of mice.

Background/aim: This study was designed to investigate the effect of Erabu sea snake (Laticauda semifasciata) lipids on the swimming endurance of mice.

Method: Twelve-week-old male Crlj: CD-1 (ICR) mice were fed one of three experimental diets containing 6% lard, fish oil or sea snake lipids for 16 weeks. Swimming exercise was conducted in an acrylic plastic tank filled with 25 cm of water maintained at 23 degrees C.

Effect of lipids extracted from a salted herring roe food product on maze-behavior in mice.

Male mice (11 mo old) were fed 5% lard, fish oil, or Kazunoko (salted fish roe product) lipids for 4 mo to investigate their effects on maze behavior. The time required and distance traveled to reach the maze exit, and number of times that a mouse strayed into blind alleys in the maze, and the fatty acid compositions of brain lipids after the maze-behavior experiment were measured. The Kazunoko lipid group showed a significant improvement in all three parameters compared with the lard diet group, but the fish oil group showed only a significant decrease in the number of times that a mouse strayed into blind alleys compared with the lard diet group.

Post-mortem changes in gene expression of the muscle tissue of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

A subtracted cDNA library was used to identify specific genes that increase in post-mortem muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during on-ice storage. Of the 200 cDNAs analyzed, 82 had significant homologies to previously identified genes from salmonids and other species such as homologues of troponin I, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and so on, whereas 40 had no significant homologies and were designated as unknown. Comparison of gene expression profiles by dot blot hybridization confirmed an increase or induction of mRNA in the muscle after 3 h of on-ice storage compared to that at 0 h after death.

Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on brain 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity in male ICR mice.

We investigated the influence of docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (DHA-EE) on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity in the brains of adult and aged mice. Male mice (Crlj:CD-1) were fed diets containing 3% lard plus 2% linoleic acid ethyl ester (LA-EE), or 2% DHA-EE, for 3 months. The brain HMG-CoA reductase activity of 8-month-old (adult) mice was not significantly influenced by dietary intake of DHA-EE.

Effect of lipids from Erabu sea snake, Laticauda semifasciata, on plasma glucose, insulin, and adipocytokine concentrations of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic mice.

Aims: To clarify the influence of Erabu sea snake lipid on levels of plasma insulin and adipocyte-derived hormones.

Methods: Normal male mice (6 months) and streptozotocin-diabetic mice (a single administration, 150 mg/kg i.p.

Effects of dietary herring roe lipids on plasma lipid, glucose, insulin, and adiponectin concentrations in mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Kazunoko (salted herring roe) lipids, which contain large amounts of cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), on lipid and glucose metabolism in mice. Male Crlj:CD-1 (ICR) mice were fed one of four experimental diets which contained 6% lard, 1% Kazunoko lipids + 5% lard, 3% Kazunoko lipids + 3% lard, and 6% Kazunoko lipids for 12 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, phospholipid, and glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the 3% and 6% Kazunoko lipid diet groups than in lard and 1% Kazunoko lipid diet groups (p < 0.

Reduction in plasma glucose after lipid changes in mice fed fish oil, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid diets.

Background/aim: Effects of the dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and fish oil on weekly changes in plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid concentrations of male Crlj:CD-1 mice were investigated.

Method: Animals were fed five different experimental diets which contained 6.0% lard (lard diet), 6.

Direct methylation from mouse plasma and from liver and brain homogenates.

The analysis of fatty acid composition of plasma and tissue is important as a method for studying lipid nutrition. We investigated the possibility of direct methylation of fatty acids by BF(3)-methanol from plasma and from liver and brain homogenates without lipid extraction. There were no ghost peaks in the chromatogram produced by the direct methylation method.

Effects of Western, Vegetarian, and Japanese dietary fat model diets with or without green tea extract on the plasma lipids and glucose, and liver lipids in mice. A long-term feeding experiment.

Background/aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of three model diets containing different fats, with or without a small amount of green tea extract (GTE), on plasma lipids and glucose, and liver lipids in mice.

Methods: Male mice (2 months old) fed 10% fat diets with Western (W), Vegetarian (V), and Japanese (J) fat compositions with or without 0.03% GTE for 7 months.

Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid and catechins on maze behavior in mice.

Background/aims: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3) and catechins are food components that play an important role in maintaining human health. However, the effect of a simultaneous intake of DHA and catechins on brain function is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of DHA and catechins on maze behavior in mice.

Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) can be a good indicator of occurrence of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of measurement of colloid osmotic pressure (COP) directly concerned with cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Material/methods: The subjects were 20 patients who received clipping operation within 48 hours after onset. We conducted a two weeks monitoring of COP measured directly by osmometer and evaluated serum concentrations of albumin at the same time.

Dose-response effect of egg-phosphatidylcholine on maze-learning ability and fatty acid composition of plasma and brain in aged mice fed an n-3 fatty acid-deficient diet.

Background/aims: We investigated the dose-response effect of egg-phosphatidylcholine (PC) on the maze-learning ability and brain fatty acid composition in aged mice.

Method: Male Crj:CD-1 mice aged 18 months were fed the following diets for 4 months: (i) 5 g palm oil/100 g diet (n-3-deficient control group); (ii) 1 g egg-PC/100 g diet plus 4 g palm oil/100 g diet (egg-PC 1% group); (iii) 2.5 g egg-PC/100 g diet plus 2.

Effects of rice starch-isoflavone diet or potato starch-isoflavone diet on plasma isoflavone, plasma lipids, cecal enzyme activity, and composition of fecal microflora in adult mice.

The effects of rice starch-isoflavone diet or potato starch-isoflavone diet on plasma concentration of isoflavones, plasma lipids, cecal enzyme activity, and intestinal microflora were studied. Male 15-wk-old mice were fed a rice-starch-based or potato-starch-based diet supplemented with isoflavones for 4 wk, and plasma samples, cecal contents, and feces were collected individually. Plasma equol concentration was significantly higher in the potato-isoflavone diet group than in the rice-isoflavone diet group, but no significant difference was observed in plasma daidzein or genistein concentrations.