Relationship between children's intelligence and their emotional/behavioral problems and social competence: gender differences in first graders.

Background: The present study examines gender differences in the correlations between intelligence and developmental problems as well as social competence in first graders.

Methods: Ninety parent-child dyads participated in this study. The children comprised 7-year-olds recruited from the first grade of an elementary school.

Strategies behind the establishment of a developmental cohort study in the Tottori City.

Background: The Tottori study group, part of the JCS, presides over a community-based cohort study started when subjects-children living in Tottori City-were 5 years old. The social aspects of conducting a cohort study should also be made public, as this information is crucial for conducting community-based cohort studies.

Methods: Documents pertaining to social aspects implemented by the Tottori study group between 2004 and 2008 were arranged chronologically.

Mutual exclusivity and taxonomic bias in combination lead preschoolers' word learning.

This study investigated preschoolers' use of two word-learning tendencies in combination. 22 Japanese preschoolers were tested on a task with three forced choices that demanded use of mutual exclusivity and taxonomic bias in the single trials. When presented an object whose label they had learned, an object from the same category as the learned object, and an object from another category, the children chose the third object, suggesting that they use the two constraints in combination.