Downstaging of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma followed by liver transplantation using immune checkpoint inhibitors: Where do we stand?

Liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic liver disease (CLD) is limited by factors such as tumor size, number, portal venous or hepatic venous invasion and extrahepatic disease. Although previously established criteria, such as Milan or UCSF, have been relaxed globally to accommodate more potential recipients with comparable 5-year outcomes, there is still a subset of the population that has advanced HCC with or without portal vein tumor thrombosis without detectable extrahepatic spread who do not qualify or are unable to be downstaged by conventional methods and do not qualify for liver transplantation. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, or nivolumab have given hope to this group of patients.

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in India: Are we ready for 2040?

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been widely researched and is well established worldwide. The cornerstone of this treatment lies in the various criteria formulated by expert consensus and experience. The variations among the criteria are staggering, and the short- and long-term out comes are controversial.

Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Failure Due to Yellow Phosphorus Poisoning - A Comprehensive Review.

Yellow phosphorus or metal phosphide (YP-MP) rodenticide poisoning has been a known cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in many countries of Asia and North and South America over the last decade. It is a highly toxic compound and is a well-known cause of intentional or accidental poisoning in both adults and children. In lower doses, it causes gastrointestinal symptoms and mild hepatic injury, and patients may spontaneously recover.

Subcutaneous Fat Obesity in a High Body Mass Index Donor Is Not a Contraindication to Living Donor Hepatectomy.

Background: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has revolutionized the field of transplantation without compromising donor safety. Donor safety is of paramount concern to the transplant team. BMI >35 kg/m is mostly considered a contraindication to liver donation.

Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation in India in the COVID-19 Era: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recently declared a global pandemic. As of June 5, 2020, over 75,000 cases have been reported with nearly 2500 deaths in India alone. COVID-19 has severely impacted deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) programs throughout the world.

A Worldwide Survey of Live Liver Donor Selection Policies at 24 Centers With a Combined Experience of 19 009 Adult Living Donor Liver Transplants.

Background: Although surgical technique in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has evolved with a focus on donor safety and recipient challenges, the donor selection criteria remain considerably disparate.

Methods: A questionnaire on donor selection was sent to 41 centers worldwide. 24 centers with a combined experience of 19 009 LDLTs responded.

Graft-versus-host disease of the central nervous system after liver transplantation: A rare complication.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of the central nervous system (CNS) following solid organ transplantation is a rare but serious complication and has been previously reported after bone marrow transplantation. GVHD after liver transplantation is a rare entity with a high mortality rate. We report the case of a patient who developed GVHD and subsequently had seizures and altered mental status after deceased donor liver transplantation.

Extensive Adhesions in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Adhesions are abnormal fibrous bands of scar tissue between internal organs and tissues. With respect to recipient hepatectomy in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), we defined extensive adhesions as adhesions in at least two separate locations that required more than 5 % of the total surgical time to lyse. We aimed to identify the etiology and consequences of this preventable burden.

The role of peri-operative use of alpha-blocker in preventing lower urinary tract symptoms in high risk patients of urinary retention undergoing inguinal hernia repair in males above 50 years.

Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and groin hernia increase with rising age. Straining in itself is an important aetiology of inguinal hernia. Posthernioplasty retention of urine is one of the most significant complications.