Understanding stress-induced transmission of peripherally derived factors into the brain and responses in non-neuronal cells.

Stress is a significant cause of mental disorders, for which effective treatments remain limited due to an insufficient understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms. Recent research has increasingly focused on non-neuronal cells to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying psychopathology. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, respond to peripherally derived stress-related factors and how these responses contribute to the development of mental disorders.

A rare case of oropharyngeal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma.

Oropharyngeal metastasis from other organs is rare, especially from lung cancer. However, in lung cancer cases, the oropharynx should be considered a potential site for distant spread.

Physician-Modified Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic Repair for the Preservation of Hypogastric Artery Perfusion and Efficacy of Hydrogel Coil Fenestration Reinforcement.

Background: Extending the distal sealing zone into the external iliac artery is sometimes necessary during endovascular abdominal aortic repair. As the use of an iliac branch device is contingent upon certain anatomical requirements, the application of this device is not universal. Herein, we present an alternative method to preserve hypogastric artery perfusion using a physician-modified fenestrated (PMF) AFX limb (Endologix, Inc.

Assessing genetic diversity and geographical differentiation in a global collection of wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.) and assigning a mini-core collection.

Wild soybean (Glycine soja), the ancestor of the cultivated soybean (G. max), is a crucial resource for capturing the genetic diversity of soybean species. In this study, we used a set of 78 genome-wide microsatellite markers to analyse the genetic diversity and geographic differentiation patterns in a global collection of 2,050 G.

Checkpoint phosphorylation sites on budding yeast Rif1 protect nascent DNA from degradation by Sgs1-Dna2.

In budding yeast the Rif1 protein is important for protecting nascent DNA at blocked replication forks, but the mechanism has been unclear. Here we show that budding yeast Rif1 must interact with Protein Phosphatase 1 to protect nascent DNA. In the absence of Rif1, removal of either Dna2 or Sgs1 prevents nascent DNA degradation, implying that Rif1 protects nascent DNA by targeting Protein Phosphatase 1 to oppose degradation by the Sgs1-Dna2 nuclease-helicase complex.

A Case of Stanford Type A Acute Aortic Dissection With Preoperative Extensive Cerebral Infarction Successfully Treated Surgically.

Patients with organ malperfusion from acute aortic dissection (AAD) have poor outcomes, and the surgical indications for patients with AAD complicated by extensive cerebral infarction have not been established. Here, we report a successfully treated surgical case of a patient with cerebral infarction and Stanford type A, AAD. A 77-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of left paresis.

A novel aquaporin-4-associated optic neuritis rat model with severe pathological and functional manifestations.

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is a common manifestation of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica (NMO). The extent of tissue damage is frequently severe, often leading to loss of visual function, and there is no curative treatment for this condition. To develop a novel therapeutic strategy, elucidating the underlying pathological mechanism using a clinically relevant experimental ON model is necessary.

Neuroplasticity related to chronic pain and its modulation by microglia.

Neuropathic pain is often chronic and can persist after overt tissue damage heals, suggesting that its underlying mechanism involves the alteration of neuronal function. Such an alteration can be a direct consequence of nerve damage or a result of neuroplasticity secondary to the damage to tissues or to neurons. Recent studies have shown that neuroplasticity is linked to causing neuropathic pain in response to nerve damage, which may occur adjacent to or remotely from the site of injury.

Three-dimensional alignment of the upper extremity in the standing neutral position in healthy subjects.

Background: Though alignment of the spine and lower extremities in the standing neutral position has been evaluated, a few studies evaluating the alignment of the upper extremities have also been made. This study assessed the normal alignment of the upper extremities in the standing neutral position and clarified the three-dimensional angular rotations of the upper extremity joints.

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images of 158 upper extremities from 79 healthy volunteers were prospectively acquired in the standing neutral position using an upright CT scanner.

Protection of nascent DNA at stalled replication forks is mediated by phosphorylation of RIF1 intrinsically disordered region.

RIF1 is a multifunctional protein that plays key roles in the regulation of DNA processing. During repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), RIF1 functions in the 53BP1-Shieldin pathway that inhibits resection of DNA ends to modulate the cellular decision on which repair pathway to engage. Under conditions of replication stress, RIF1 protects nascent DNA at stalled replication forks from degradation by the DNA2 nuclease.

Prevention of surgical adhesions with gelatine sealing sheet in a canine adhesion model.

Objectives: Although reoperation has been increasingly performed in cardiovascular surgery in recent years, preventing surgical adhesions remains an unsolved complication. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether gelatine sealing sheets are more effective than fibrin sealing sheets in preventing surgical adhesions.

Methods: Bilateral femoral arteries of 20 beagle dogs under general anaesthesia were pricked with syringe needles, and gelatine and fibrin sealing sheets were applied on the bleeding points to make canine adhesion models.

SAF-A promotes origin licensing and replication fork progression to ensure robust DNA replication.

The organisation of chromatin is closely intertwined with biological activities of chromosome domains, including transcription and DNA replication status. Scaffold-attachment factor A (SAF-A), also known as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU), contributes to the formation of open chromatin structure. Here, we demonstrate that SAF-A promotes the normal progression of DNA replication and enables resumption of replication after inhibition.

Synaptic and Genetic Bases of Impaired Motor Learning Associated with Modified Experience-Dependent Cortical Plasticity in Heterozygous Reeler Mutants.

Patients with neurodevelopmental disorders show impaired motor skill learning. It is unclear how the effect of genetic variation on synaptic function and transcriptome profile may underlie experience-dependent cortical plasticity, which supports the development of fine motor skills. RELN (reelin) is one of the genes implicated in neurodevelopmental psychiatric vulnerability.

Protein phosphatase 1 acts as a RIF1 effector to suppress DSB resection prior to Shieldin action.

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired mainly by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). RIF1 negatively regulates resection through the effector Shieldin, which associates with a short 3' single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) overhang by the MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) complex, to prevent further resection and HR repair. In this study, we show that RIF1, but not Shieldin, inhibits the accumulation of CtIP at DSB sites immediately after damage, suggesting that RIF1 has another effector besides Shieldin.

Corrigendum: Dynamic nature of SecA and Its associated proteins in .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.

Corrigendum: Dynamic nature of SecA and Its associated proteins in .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.

Molecular Basis Underlying Common Cutworm Resistance of the Primitive Soybean Landrace Peking.

The common cutworm (CCW; ) is one of the major insect pests of soybean in Asia and Oceania. Although quantitative trail loci related to CCW resistance have been introduced into leading soybean cultivars, these do not exhibit sufficient resistance against CCW. Thus, understanding the genetic and metabolic resistance mechanisms of CCW as well as integrating other new resistance genes are required.

A cellulose synthase-derived enzyme catalyses 3-O-glucuronosylation in saponin biosynthesis.

Triterpenoid saponins are specialised metabolites distributed widely in the plant kingdom that consist of one or more sugar moieties attached to triterpenoid aglycones. Despite the widely accepted view that glycosylation is catalysed by UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT), the UGT which catalyses the transfer of the conserved glucuronic acid moiety at the C-3 position of glycyrrhizin and various soyasaponins has not been determined. Here, we report that a cellulose synthase superfamily-derived glycosyltransferase (CSyGT) catalyses 3-O-glucuronosylation of triterpenoid aglycones.

The RIF1-long splice variant promotes G1 phase 53BP1 nuclear bodies to protect against replication stress.

Human cells lacking RIF1 are highly sensitive to replication inhibitors, but the reasons for this sensitivity have been enigmatic. Here, we show that RIF1 must be present both during replication stress and in the ensuing recovery period to promote cell survival. Of two isoforms produced by alternative splicing, we find that RIF1-Long alone can protect cells against replication inhibition, but RIF1-Short is incapable of mediating protection.

Improvement in Left Cardiac Function Following Mitral Valve Repair: Analyses Based on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the structural and functional changes of left-sided cardiac chambers by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in patients with chronic mitral regurgitation after mitral valve repair (MVR).

Patients And Methods: Among 103 patients who underwent MVR, 21 showed normal left ventricular (LV) function; their pre- and postoperative left atrial (LA) and LV functions were examined by CMRI.

Results: LV end-diastolic volume, LV end-systolic volume, and LV mass significantly were reduced postoperatively (p<0.

Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol and Formaldehyde Oxidation in Strain 22A.

Lanthanides (Ln) are an essential cofactor for XoxF-type methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs) in Gram-negative methylotrophs. The Ln dependency of XoxF has expanded knowledge and raised new questions in methylotrophy, including the differences in characteristics of XoxF-type MDHs, their regulation, and the methylotrophic metabolism including formaldehyde oxidation. In this study, we genetically identified one set of Ln- and Ca-dependent MDHs (XoxF1 and MxaFI), that are involved in methylotrophy, and an ExaF-type Ln-dependent ethanol dehydrogenase, among six MDH-like genes in strain 22A.