A theoretical investigation for improving the performance of non-fullerene organic solar cells through side-chain engineering of BTR non-fused-ring electron acceptors.

In the current quantum chemical study, indacenodithiophene donor core-based the end-capped alterations of the reference chromophore BTR drafted eight A2-A1-D-A1-A2 type small non-fullerene acceptors. All the computational simulations were executed under MPW1PW91/6-31G (d, p) level of DFT. The UV-Vis absorption, open circuit voltage, electron affinity, ionization potential, the density of states, reorganization energy, orbital analysis, and non-covalent interactions were studied and compared with BTR.

End-capped engineering of Quinoxaline core-based non-fullerene acceptor materials with improved power conversion efficiency.

Improving the light-harvesting efficiency and boosting open circuit voltage are crucial challenges for enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells. This work introduces seven new molecules (SA1-SA7) to upgrade the optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of Q-C-F molecule-based solar cells. All recently designed molecules have the same alkyl-substituted Quinoxaline core and CPDT donor but vary in the end-capped acceptor subunits.

A computational insight into enhancement of photovoltaic properties of non-fullerene acceptors by end-group modulations in the structural framework of INPIC molecule.

Improving the open circuit voltage is a major challenge for enhancing the overall efficiency of organic solar cells. Current work has concentrated on improving open-circuit voltage by designing new molecular frameworks from an INPIC molecule having a conjugated fused core. We modulated the structure by changing the terminal groups of the reference molecule (INPIC) with seven strong electron-withdrawing units.

Effect of tailoring π-linkers with extended conjugation on the SJ-IC molecule for achieving high and improved charge mobility towards enhanced photovoltaic applications.

The problem of low efficiency of organic solar cells can be solved by improving the charge mobility and open circuit voltage of these cells. The current research aims to present the role of π-linkers, having extended conjugation, between the donor and acceptor moieties of indacenodithiophene core-based A-π-D-π-A type SJ-IC molecule to improve the photovoltaic performance of pre-existing SJ-IC. Several crucial photovoltaic parameters of SJ-IC and seven newly proposed molecules were studied using density functional theory.

Variation in Hypothalamic GnIH Expression and Its Association with and during Pubertal Progression in Male Rhesus Monkeys ().

Modulation of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion across postnatal development in higher primates is not fully understood. While gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is reported to suppress reproductive axis activity in birds and rodents, little is known about the developmental trajectory of GnIH expression in rhesus monkeys throughout the pubertal transition. This study was aimed at examining the variation in GnIH immunoreactivity (-ir) and associated changes among GnIH, GnRH, and Kiss1 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of infant, juvenile, prepubertal, and adult male rhesus monkeys.

Morphometric and Myelin Basic Protein Expression Changes in Arcuate Nucleus Kisspeptin Neurons Underlie Activation of Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal-axis in Monkeys () during the Breeding Season.

Introduction: Kisspeptin is involved in the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal-axis' seasonal regulation in rodents and sheep. Studies of kisspeptin signaling in regulating the transition between breeding and nonbreeding seasons have focused on kisspeptin expression, myelin basic protein (MBP) expression around kisspeptin-ir cells, and quantifying the synaptic connections between kisspeptin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in various animal models; however, the role of kisspeptin in regulating the seasonal breeding of primates has not been explored yet.

Objective: This study investigated changes in kisspeptin signaling during breeding and a non-breeding season in a non-human primate model, the rhesus monkey.

Expression and co-localization of RFRP-3 and kisspeptin during breeding and non-breeding season in the hypothalamus of male rhesus monkey ().

Propose: The mechanism that underpins how RFRP-3 and kisspeptin interacts are not fully understood in higher primates. This study therefore set out to assess RFRP-3 and kisspeptin expression and their morphological interactions in the breeding, and in the non-breeding period in monkey hypothalamus.

Methods: Eight mature male macaques () in the breeding season (February;  = 4) and non-breeding season (June;  = 4) were used.

Irisin in the primate hypothalamus and its effect on GnRH in vitro.

Irisin, encoded by the FNDC5 gene, is a recently discovered endocrine factor mainly secreted as a myokine and adipokine. However, irisin/FNDC5 expression has also been reported in different other organs including components of the reproductive axis. Yet, there is the scarcity of data on FNDC5/irisin expression, regulation and its reproductive effects, particularly in primates.

Age-dependent changes in the reproductive axis responsiveness to kisspeptin-10 administration in healthy men.

The present study was designed to assess the responsiveness of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to kisspeptin administration with increasing age in men. Human kisspeptin-10 was administered in single iv bolus dose (1 µg/kg BW) to healthy adult, middle and advanced age men. Serial blood samples were collected for 30 min pre- and 120 min post-kisspeptin injection periods at 30-min interval.

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Regenerative Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches.

Regeneration refers to regrowth of tissue in the central nervous system. It includes generation of new neurons, glia, myelin, and synapses, as well as the regaining of essential functions: sensory, motor, emotional and cognitive abilities. Unfortunately, regeneration within the nervous system is very slow compared to other body systems.

Fasting induced kisspeptin signaling suppression is regulated by glutamate mediated cues in adult male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).

Kisspeptin signaling is suppressed by short term fasting. It has been reported that hypothalamic Kiss1 and Kiss1r mRNA expression decreased after 48h of fasting in male rhesus monkey. But the mechanism involved in the reduction of kisspeptin signaling after 48h of fasting is unknown.