Biparametric magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool for differentiating RCC and renal pseudotumor in CKD patients.

Introduction: Pseudotumors are benign lesions which may mimic like a malignant tumor on conventional imaging. They are formed in kidneys which are scarred and deformed by chronic pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, trauma or infarction. There is a diagnostic dilemma in most of the cases as to differentiate RCC and pseudotumors.

Role of multi-parametric ultrasonography for the assessment and monitoring of functional status of renal allografts with histopathological correlation.

Background: The study focuses on the use of multi-parametric ultrasound [gray scale, color Doppler and shear wave elastography (SWE)] to differentiate stable renal allografts from acute graft dysfunction and to assess time-dependent changes in parenchymal stiffness, thereby assessing its use as an efficient monitoring tool for ongoing graft dysfunction. To date, biopsy is the gold standard for evaluation of acute graft dysfunction. However, because it is invasive, it carries certain risks and cannot be used for follow-up monitoring.

Endovascular Management of Renal Artery Pseudoaneurysm in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Case Report.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common hereditary kidney diseases. In addition to renal involvement, vascular complications including intracranial arterial, aortic aneurysms and dissections are common in these patients. We report the case of a 35-year-old male patient with ADPKD who presented with hematuria and was diagnosed with two intrarenal arterial pseudoaneurysms.

Role of Shear Wave Elastography for Assessment of Renal-Allograft Fibrosis and its Correlation With Histopathology.

Objectives: To investigate whether shear wave elastography (SWE) can accurately identify interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) in chronic renal allograft injury (CRAI) and whether it can differentiate between different grades of IFTA.

Materials And Methods: Prospective observational study on renal transplant recipients who presented with CRAI. Patient selection was done on the basis of clinical presentation, serum creatinine, and eGFR levels.

Synthesis, characterisation, and in vitro antiparasitic activity of new flavanoidal tetrazinan-6'-ones and their binding study with calf thymus DNA using molecular modelling and spectroscopic techniques.

With the developing resistance to traditional antiparasitic medications, the purpose of this study was to efficiently develop a series of six noble flavanoidal tetrazinane-6'-one derivatives by a one-pot reaction pathway. FT-IR, HNMR, CNMR, and Mass spectra were employed for the structural elucidation of the synthesized compounds (7-12). Clinostomum complanatum, a parasite infection model that has been well-established, demonstrated that all the synthesized compounds are potent antiparasitic agents.

Assessment of Gastric Residual Volume with Ultrasound in Children at Fasting and after Oral Intake of Carbohydrate-Rich Fluid in the Preoperative Period.

Purpose: Despite standard preoperative fasting guidelines, children are subjected to prolonged fasting due to various reasons. This does not reduce gastric residual volume (GRV) further, instead causes hypoglycemia, hypovolemia, and unnecessary discomfort. We calculated the cross-sectional area (CSA) of antrum and GRV in children in fasting state and 2 h after intake of oral carbohydrate-rich fluid, using gastric ultrasound.

Direct Percutaneous Thrombolysis (DPT): A novel method of salvaging Thrombosed Native Arteriovenous Fistula.

Introduction: Thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are either treated by thrombectomy or pharmaco-mechanical thrombolysis with or without percutaneous balloon angioplasty. In this study, we have described an effective and economical technique of salvaging these fistulae using a 20-22-gauge spinal needle and urokinase and have named it direct percutaneous thrombolysis (DPT).

Materials And Method: This prospective study comprised of 148 patients out of which 120 patients presented with AVF thrombosis and were divided into two groups; those with no obvious stenosis on ultrasound ( = 38) and second with venous stenosis ( = 82).

Phytochemical Analysis and Binding Interaction of Cotton Seed Cake Derived Compounds with Target Protein of for Nematicidal Evaluation.

The root-knot nematode is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes and is responsible for significant crop losses worldwide. Rising human health and environmental concerns have led to the withdrawal of commonly used chemical nematicides. There has been a tremendous demand for eco-friendly bio-nematicides with beneficial properties to the nematode hosting plants, which encourages the need for alternative nematode management practices.

Synthesis, characterization, computational studies and in vitro antiparasitic activity of novel flavanoidal-1,2,4,5-tetrazinane-6'-thione.

Keeping in view the growing resistance of conventional antiparasitic drugs, this study aimed to synthesize a series of six noble flavanoidal tetrazinane-6'-thione derivatives by employing a facile one pot reaction pathway. Structural characterizations of synthesized compounds were performed by using IR, HNMR, CNMR and LC-MS spectra. Molecular docking study showed that one of the newly synthesized compounds strongly bind with the amino residues of BSA with two hydrogen bonding interactions.

Primary mucinous cell adenocarcinoma of female urethra.

Primary adenocarcinoma of the female urethra is a rare entity. Its incidence increases with age with the highest rate in women aged more than 65 years. Adenocarcinoma of the urethra is more common among women than men and is associated with a relatively poor prognosis.

Zinner syndrome: a rare diagnosis in infancy.

We present a case of Zinner syndrome (ZS), where we were fortunate to diagnose a child with this rare syndrome immediately after birth. Gross hydronephrosis was observed during the prenatal period on ultrasound, and further imaging after birth confirmed the presence of a multicystic dysplastic kidney and seminal vesicle cyst. The majority of cases of ZS is asymptomatic; however, symptoms relating to urination, ejaculation or infertility may present later on in life and so regular follow-up is required to ensure interventions can be carried out if such symptoms do occur.

Feminizing adrenocortical oncocytoma presenting as precocious puberty: a case report and literature review.

Objectives: Feminizing adrenal tumors are rare in childhood. We present a case of a special category of adrenal tumor, an oncocytoma, causing isosexual peripheral precocity.

Case Presentation: A 4-year old girl presented with breast development and menstrual bleeding over a period of 3-4 months.

Role of Computed Tomography in Estimation of Residual Renal Function at One Year after Donor Nephrectomy: Comparison with Nuclear Scintigraphy.

Computed tomography (CT) is routinely used for preoperative anatomical evaluation of renal donors, but recent studies show that it may be useful as a predictor of renal function too. This study aimed to compare CT volumetry-attenuation-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with Tc99m-diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) renal scintigraphy GFR and predict post-donor nephrectomy renal function. This is a prospective study involving 39 renal donors at a tertiary care hospital in northern India from 2014 to 2017.

Endovascular Embolization in Problematic Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Nonsurgical Technique.

Introduction: In the past, surgical techniques were considered gold standard practice for obliterating the accessory veins, reducing the flow across the high flowing arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), or for closing the problematic hemodialysis AVFs. However, recently endovascular embolization has emerged as a safe and cost-effective alternative to these surgical techniques. In this study, technical and clinical success, and safety of endovascular embolization have been evaluated for accessory vein obliteration, flow reduction, and fistula closure in problematic AVFs using various embolizing agents.

Role of blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging in studying renal oxygenation changes in renal artery stenosis.

Aim: Primary objective of this study was to compare R2* value of the post-stenotic kidney with contralateral kidney, kidneys of essential hypertensive patients, and healthy subjects using blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) technique. The secondary objective was to study the effect of severity of stenosis and viability of kidneys on R2* value.

Methods: We compared 4 groups of kidneys including 92 with renal artery stenosis, 37 normal contralateral kidneys of unilateral renal artery stenosis patients, 62 kidneys of essential hypertensive patients, and 40 kidneys of healthy controls using BOLD MRI.

Exploring the binding mode of ester-based cationic gemini surfactants with calf thymus DNA: A detailed physicochemical, spectroscopic and theoretical study.

Gene therapy is a transfectant method for the treatment of hereditary disease, which transfers the gene mutation into the cells. In the view of the high prospects of utilization of cationic gemini surfactants as a non-viral vector for the gene transfection, we have made a comprehensive study on the interactions between a recently synthesized series of ester-functionalized cationic C-E2O-C gemini surfactants (m = 12, 14 and 16) with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) utilizing various techniques. The micellization behavior of gemini surfactants has been altered in the presence of ctDNA.

Noninvasive urine metabolomics of prostate cancer and its therapeutic approaches: a current scenario and future perspective.

Introduction: The sensitive, specific, fast, robust and noninvasive biomarkers for the evaluation of prostate cancer (PC) remain elusive in medical research. However, efforts are in full sway to investigate and resolve these puzzles for clinical practice. Advances in modern analytical techniques, sample processing, and the emergence of multiple omics approaches have created a great hope for the development of better detection modalities for PC.

Metabolomics of prostate cancer: Knock-in versus knock-out prostate.

Several metabolomics-derived biomarkers of prostate cancer (PC) have been reported with pre-radical prostatectomy (RP) (knock-in PC) conditions; however, uncontested PC biomarkers panel appraisal and investigation of correlative evidence of these measures is lacking through post-RP (knock-out PC). We sought to explore patients' filtered serum-based metabolomics derived signature measures in knock-in PC (n = 90) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multiple rigorous statistical analyses, and to develop the correlative evidence of these measures through knock-out PC (n = 90) follow-up on the 15th and 30th days. The glutamate, citrate and glycine were observed as hallmarks of PC.

The obstructive index in antenatal unilateral pelviureteric junction obstruction: A novel predictor of the failure of conservative management.

Background: To find the impact of the obstructive index (OI) as a predictor of management in antenatal pelviureteric junction obstruction.

Methods: Records of 135 cases of antenatally detected unilateral pelviureteric junction obstruction, selected for initial observation were retrospectively analyzed. All patients who underwent pyeloplasty on follow up were assigned to Group A.

Renal graft malakoplakia masquerading post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

A 45-year-old woman presented to us in March 2019 with complaints of fever and right lower quadrant abdominal pain for 1 month. She had undergone renal transplantation in 2017 for end-stage renal disease and developed four episodes of urinary tract infection in the next 16 months post transplantation, which were treated based on culture reports. She was subsequently kept on long-term prophylaxis with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.

A Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA): Based score (SGPGI score) to predict level of difficulty, operative, and postoperative outcomes for right-sided radical nephrectomy.

Objective: With the advent of laparoscopic approach for the large (T1b-T3a ± N1) right renal masses, higher rates of complications and conversion to open surgery are being reported. The role of preoperative angioembolization (PAE), which has increased cost and inherent morbidity but may help in select circumstances has also not been clearly defined in the literature. We therefore devised a scoring system (SGPGI score) based on pre-operative Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) to predict the level of difficulty of radical nephrectomy and enhance its safety and efficacy which could also be used for the judicious use of PAE in selected cases.